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Selecting analytical tools for characterization of polymersomes in aqueous solution

机译：选择用于表征水溶液中聚合物小体的分析工具

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摘要

Selecting the appropriate analytical methods for characterizing the assembly and morphology of polymer-based vesicles, or polymersomes are required to reach their full potential in biotechnology. This work presents and compares 17 different techniques for their ability to adequately report size, lamellarity, elastic properties, bilayer surface charge, thickness and polarity of polybutadiene-polyethylene oxide (PB-PEO) based polymersomes. The techniques used in this study are broadly divided into scattering techniques, visualization methods, physical and electromagnetical manipulation and sorting/purification. Of the analytical methods tested, Cryo-transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) turned out to be advantageous for polymersomes with smaller diameter than 200 nm, whereas confocal microscopy is ideal for diameters >400 nm. Polymersomes in the intermediate diameter range can be characterized using freeze fracture Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (FF-Cryo-SEM) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) provides reliable data on bilayer thickness and internal structure, Cryo-TEM on multilamellarity. Taken together, these tools are valuable for characterizing polymersomes per se but the comparative overview is also intended to serve as a starting point for selecting methods for characterizing polymersomes with encapsulated compounds or polymersomes with incorporated biomolecules (e.g. membrane proteins).
机译：需要选择适当的分析方法来表征聚合物基囊泡或聚合物小体的组装和形态，以发挥其在生物技术中的全部潜力。这项工作提出并比较了17种不同的技术，以充分报告基于聚丁二烯-聚环氧乙烷（PB-PEO）的聚合物囊体的尺寸，层状性，弹性，双层表面电荷，厚度和极性。本研究中使用的技术大致分为散射技术，可视化方法，物理和电磁操纵以及分类/纯化。在测试的分析方法中，低温透射电子显微镜和原子力显微镜（AFM）证明对直径小于200 nm的聚合物囊泡是有利的，而共聚焦显微镜对于直径> 400 nm的理想选择。中等直径范围内的聚合物囊泡可以使用冷冻断裂冷冻扫描电子显微镜（FF-Cryo-SEM）和纳米颗粒跟踪分析（NTA）来表征。小角度X射线散射（SAXS）提供有关双层厚度和内部结构的可靠数据，有关多层性的Cryo-TEM。综上所述，这些工具对于表征聚合物小体本身是有价值的，但是比较概述也旨在用作选择用于表征具有包封的化合物的聚合物小体或具有掺入的生物分子（例如膜蛋白）的聚合物小体的方法的起点。

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