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首页> 外文期刊>Critical Reviews in Biomedical Engineering >Pediatric Material Properties: A Review of Human Child and Animal Surrogates
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Pediatric Material Properties: A Review of Human Child and Animal Surrogates

机译：儿科材料特性：人类儿童和动物替代物的评论。

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Because pediatric tissue is difficult for researchers to obtain, the biomechanical responses of adult humans have been studied much more extensively than those of children. Piglets, chimpanzees, and other animals have been used as child surrogates, but the tissue properties and responses to impact forces obtained from these animals may not directly correlate with the human child, and this correlation is not well understood. Consequently, only a handful of human pediatric tissue properties are known. Child anthropomorphic test devices employed in automotive safety have been developed largely by scaling data obtained from adult human cadaveric tests, where various scaling methods have been used to account for differences in geometry, material properties, or a combination of these two parameters. Similar scaling techniques have also been implemented to develop injury assessment reference values for child anthropomorphic test devices. Nevertheless, these scaling techniques have not yet proven to be accurate, in part because of the lack of pediatric data. In this review, the properties of pediatric human and animal surrogate tissue that have been mechanically tested are evaluated. It was found that most of the pediatric tissue that has previously been tested pertains to the head, neck, cervical spine, and extremities. It is evident that some body regions, such as the head and neck, have been tested to some extent since injuries to these regions are critical from an injury perspective. On the other hand, there is limited pediatric data available for the thorax, abdomen, thoracic and lumbar spines and fetal-related tissue. This review presents the pediatric data available in the literature and highlights the body regions where further testing is needed.
机译：由于研究人员难以获得儿科组织，因此对成年人的生物力学反应的研究比对儿童的研究更为广泛。仔猪，黑猩猩和其他动物已被用作儿童替代物，但是从这些动物获得的组织特性和对撞击力的反应可能与人类儿童没有直接关系，并且这种关系还没有得到很好的理解。因此，只有少数人类儿科组织特性是已知的。在汽车安全中使用的儿童拟人化测试设备主要是通过缩放从成人人体尸体测试获得的数据而开发的，其中已使用各种缩放方法来解决几何形状，材料特性或这两个参数的组合的问题。还已经采用了类似的缩放技术来开发儿童拟人化测试设备的伤害评估参考值。尽管如此，这些缩放技术尚未被证明是准确的，部分原因是缺少儿科数据。在这篇综述中，评估了经过机械测试的小儿人和动物替代组织的特性。已经发现，先前已经测试过的大多数儿科组织都与头部，颈部，颈椎和四肢有关。显然，某些身体部位（例如头和颈部）已经过某种程度的测试，因为从伤害的角度来看，这些部位的伤害至关重要。另一方面，对于胸部，腹部，胸腰椎和胎儿相关组织的儿科数据有限。这篇综述介绍了文献中提供的儿科数据，并突出了需要进一步检查的身体部位。

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