Over the past two decades, a number of multisegmental foot models havebeen developed in order to characterize foot kinematics. This paper reviews methodsof multisegmental foot modeling, technical elements of the models, select clinicalapplications of the models, and future directions in this area of research. Technicalareas discussed include angular derotation mechanisms and capture technology. Modelsdiscussed address two-, three-, four-, five-, and nine-segment approaches. Additionalmodels which address foot segments using other definitions, are also discussed. Clinicalapplications of multisegmental foot models include pathologic gait characterizationin rheumatoid arthritis, posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, and hallux rigidus.Areas of continued development, including soft tissue artifact and nomenclature, arealso discussed.
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