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首页> 外文期刊>Critical reviews in clinical laboratory sciences >Advances in the signal transduction of ceramide and related sphingolipids.
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Advances in the signal transduction of ceramide and related sphingolipids.

机译：神经酰胺及相关鞘脂的信号转导研究进展。

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Recently, the sphingolipid metabolites ceramide, sphingosine, ceramide 1-P, and sphingosine 1-P have been implicated as second messengers involved in many different cellular functions. Publications on this topic are appearing at a rapidly increasing rate and new developments in this field are also appearing rapidly. It is thus important to summarize the results obtained from many different laboratories and from different fields of research to obtain a clearer picture of the importance of sphingolipid metabolites. This article reviews the studies from the last few years and includes the effects of a variety of extracellular agents on sphingolipid signal transduction pathways in different tissues and cells and on the mechanisms of regulation. Sphingomyelin exists in a number of functionally distinct pools and is composed of distinct molecular species. Sphingomyelin metabolites may be formed by many different pathways. For example, the generation of ceramide from sphingomyelin can be catalyzed by at least five different sphingomyelinases. A large variety of stimuli can induce the generation of ceramide, leading to activation or inhibition of various cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and inflammation. The effect of ceramide on these physiological processes is due to its many different downstream targets. It can activate ceramide-activated protein kinases and ceramide-activated protein phosphatases. It also activates or inhibits PKCs, PLD, PLA2, PC-PLC, nitric oxide synthase, and the ERK and SAPK/JNK signaling cascades. Ceramide activates or inhibits transcription factors, modulates calcium homeostasis and interacts with the retinoblastoma protein to regulate cell cycle progression. Most of the work in this field has involved the study of ceramide effects, but the roles of the other three sphingomyelin metabolites is now attracting much attention. The complex interactions between signaling components and ceramide and the controls regulating these interactions are now being identified and are presented in this review.
机译：最近，鞘脂代谢产物神经酰胺，鞘氨醇，神经酰胺1-P和鞘氨醇1-P被认为是涉及许多不同细胞功能的第二信使。关于这一主题的出版物正在迅速增加，并且该领域的新发展也正在迅速出现。因此，重要的是总结从许多不同实验室和不同研究领域获得的结果，以更清楚地了解鞘脂代谢物的重要性。本文回顾了最近几年的研究，包括各种细胞外剂对不同组织和细胞中鞘脂信号传导途径以及调节机制的影响。鞘磷脂存在于许多功能上不同的库中，并且由不同的分子种类组成。鞘磷脂代谢产物可以通过许多不同的途径形成。例如，可以通过至少五种不同的鞘磷脂酶催化从鞘磷脂产生神经酰胺。多种刺激可以诱导神经酰胺的生成，从而导致各种细胞事件（例如增殖，分化，凋亡和炎症）的激活或抑制。神经酰胺对这些生理过程的影响是由于其许多不同的下游靶标。它可以激活神经酰胺激活的蛋白激酶和神经酰胺激活的蛋白磷酸酶。它还激活或抑制PKC，PLD，PLA2，PC-PLC，一氧化氮合酶以及ERK和SAPK / JNK信号级联反应。神经酰胺激活或抑制转录因子，调节钙稳态，并与成视网膜细胞瘤蛋白相互作用以调节细胞周期进程。该领域的大部分工作都涉及神经酰胺作用的研究，但是其他三种鞘磷脂代谢产物的作用现在引起了广泛关注。信号成分和神经酰胺之间的复杂相互作用以及调节这些相互作用的控制方法目前正在确定中，并在本综述中进行介绍。

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