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首页> 外文期刊>Crop Protection >Main factors influencing downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) infection in high-oleic sunflower hybrids in northern Italy.
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Main factors influencing downy mildew (Plasmopara halstedii) infection in high-oleic sunflower hybrids in northern Italy.

机译：影响意大利北部高油酸向日葵杂交种霜霉病（ Plasmopara halstedii ）感染的主要因素。

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摘要

Downy mildew is a common disease in sunflower in many areas of Europe where cool rainy springs are ideal for this crop. This study evaluated, during 2 years' experiments, the response of some "high-oleic" sunflower hybrids to the local race of Plasmopara halstedii. The main climatic factors affecting development and spread of the disease on which to base a prediction model of disease incidence were measured and analyzed. The race was determined by artificial infection of differential inbred lines in a growth chamber, and the effects of sunflower genotype, sowing time and seed dressing on the infection percentage of P. halstedii during different growth stages were studied in a field trial. The Pl genes, responsible for resistance to race 700 that was detected in the trial area and named according to the international code, were absent in all the high-oleic hybrids studied. They did, however, manifest a partial resistance to downy mildew, which was probably due to a mixture of races present in the trial soil inoculum determining a non-specific response of the studied genotypes. Seed treatment with metalaxyl helped to limit the severity of P. halstedii attack to 5% of plants infected, with a maximum of 19.6% in the susceptible check. This result may indicate the presence of some metalaxyl-resistant downy mildew strains, but further research, such as specific tests in controlled conditions, is required to confirm this hypothesis and exclude the possibility that rainfall might wash the fungicide active ingredient off the seeds before it can penetrate. The most favorable mean air temperatures during the 5 d after sowing were from 10 to 15 degrees C, whereas water availability did not appear to be a limiting factor for the infection. The next objective will be to modify and calibrate the infection prediction model to take into account the aggressiveness and spread of the pathogen in a given area and the correlated local climate and edaphic characteristics.
机译：在欧洲许多地区，霜霉病是向日葵的常见病，在欧洲许多地区，凉爽的多雨泉水是这种作物的理想之选。这项研究在2年的实验中评估了一些“高油酸”向日葵杂交种对halstedii疟原虫的本地种族的反应。影响该病发展和传播的主要气候因素在此基础上，对疾病发病率的预测模型进行了测量和分析。种族的决定因素是人工感染生长室中的近交自交系，以及向日葵基因型，播种时间和拌种对iP感染率的影响。在田间试验中研究了不同生长阶段的halstedii 。在所有研究的高油酸杂种中都缺少在试验区检测到并根据国际法规命名的负责对种族700抗性的P1基因。然而，它们确实表现出对霜霉病的部分抗性，这可能是由于试验土壤接种物中存在的各种种族混合决定了所研究基因型的非特异性反应。用甲霜灵进行种子处理有助于限制iP的严重程度。 halstedii攻击了5％的受感染植物，易感性检查中最高为19.6％。该结果可能表明存在一些抗甲霜灵的霜霉病菌株，但是需要进一步的研究，例如在受控条件下进行特定测试，以确认这一假设，并排除降雨可能会在种子之前从种子上清除杀真菌剂活性成分的可能性。可以穿透。播种后5 d内最有利的平均气温为10到15摄氏度，而可用水量似乎不是感染的限制因素。下一个目标将是修改和校准感染预测模型，以考虑到病原体在给定区域中的侵略性和传播以及相关的当地气候和水生特征。

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