Zn_2SnO_4 nanowires and Zn_2SnO_4 diameter-modulated (DM) nanowires were successfully synthesized,accompanied by the formation of ZnO nanowires,via the thermal evaporation of a mixture of ZnO and SnO_2 powders,using gold as a catalyst.Their morphologies and structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy,X-ray spectroscopy,and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.The ZnO nanowires were single crystalline,with an axis of [0110],which is different from the conventional [0001] orientation and might be determined by the vapor components involved in the reaction.Zn_2SnO_4 nanowires and Zn_2-SnO_4 DM nanowires were single crystalline,with [302] and [111] growth directions,respectively.A vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism is proposed,to interpret the growth of nanowires in the experiment.In regard to the formation of Zn_2SnO_4 DM nanowires,we suggest that the disturbance of vapor concentration is a major factor that changes the size of the catalyst alloy droplets and the growth velocity of nanowires,and ultimately results in the diameter-modulated feature.
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