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Propensity Score Matching and Subclassification in Observational Studies with Multi-Level Treatments

机译:多级治疗观察研究中的倾向得分匹配和分类

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In this article, we develop new methods for estimating average treatment effects in observational studies, in settings with more than two treatment levels, assuming unconfoundedness given pretreatment variables. We emphasize propensity score subclassification and matching methods which have been among the most popular methods in the binary treatment literature. Whereas the literature has suggested that these particular propensity-based methods do not naturally extend to the multi-level treatment case, we show, using the concept of weak unconfoundedness and the notion of the generalized propensity score, that adjusting for a scalar function of the pretreatment variables removes all biases associated with observed pretreatment variables. We apply the proposed methods to an analysis of the effect of treatments for fibromyalgia. We also carry out a simulation study to assess the finite sample performance of the methods relative to previously proposed methods.
机译:在本文中,我们假设在给定预处理变量无混淆的情况下,在两种以上治疗水平的环境中,开发了新方法来估计观察性研究中的平均治疗效果。我们强调倾向得分的分类和匹配方法,它们是二元治疗文献中最流行的方法之一。尽管文献表明这些基于倾向的特定方法并不能自然地扩展到多级治疗案例,但我们使用弱无混淆性的概念和广义倾向评分的概念表明,调整了基于倾向的标量函数预处理变量消除了与观察到的预处理变量相关的所有偏差。我们将提出的方法应用于纤维肌痛治疗效果的分析。我们还进行了仿真研究,以评估相对于先前提出的方法的有限样本性能。

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