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首页> 外文期刊>Cotton Reseach Journal >Cotton and Climate Change: Impacts and Options to Mitigate and Adapt
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Cotton and Climate Change: Impacts and Options to Mitigate and Adapt

机译：棉花与气候变化：缓解和适应的影响和选择

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Climate change will have major impacts on cotton production and trade depending on production location. This report analyses the impacts of climate change on cotton production and trade in the main producing areas world-wide, and the options availableto mitigate and adapt to these impacts. Cotton production is both a contributor to climate change and subject to its impacts. Agricultural production, processing, trade and consumption contribute up to 40% of the world’s emissions whenforest clearanceis mcluded in the calculation. Cotton production contributes to between 0.3% and l %of total global GHG emissions. Cotton has a certain resilience to high temperatures and drought due to its vertical tap root. The crop is, however, sensitive to water availability, particularly at the height of flowering and bollformation. Rising temperaturesfavour plant development, unless day temperatures exceed 32°C. New production areas may be established where cotton was not be grown before. Increases in atmospheric C0_2 will also favour plant development. In turn, increased pests, water stress, diseases, and weather extremes will pose adaptation challenges. Overall, the negative impacts of climate change on cotton production relate to the reduced availability ofwater for irrigation, in particular in Xinjiang (China), Pakistan, Australia and the western United States. Heat stress risks creating depressed yields in Pakistan in particular, while in other countries limited increases in temperatures could favour cotton plant growth and lengthenthe cotton growing season. The impacts of climate change on rainfall will likely be positive in the Yellow River area (China), ui India, the south-eastern United States and south-eastern Anatolia (Turkey). Impacts on rainfallin Brazil and West and Central Africa are unclear.
机译：气候变化将对棉花生产和贸易产生重大影响，具体取决于生产地点。该报告分析了气候变化对全球主要产区棉花生产和贸易的影响，以及减轻和适应这些影响的可用选择。棉花生产既是气候变化的原因，又受其影响。当计算中排除森林砍伐时，农业生产，加工，贸易和消费占世界排放量的40％。棉花产量占全球温室气体总排放量的0.3％至1％。棉花的垂直根部对高温和干旱具有一定的抵抗力。但是，农作物对水分供应敏感，特别是在开花和形成茎秆的高峰期。除非白天温度超过32°C，否则温度升高有利于植物的生长。可能会在以前不种植棉花的地方建立新的生产区。大气中CO 2含量的增加也将有利于植物的生长。反过来，增加的虫害，水分胁迫，疾病和极端天气将构成适应挑战。总体而言，气候变化对棉花生产的负面影响与灌溉用水的减少有关，特别是在新疆（中国），巴基斯坦，澳大利亚和美国西部。特别是在巴基斯坦，热应激可能导致单产下降，而在其他国家，有限的温度上升可能有利于棉株生长并延长棉花生长期。在黄河地区（中国），印度UI，美国东南部和安纳托利亚东南部（土耳其），气候变化对降雨的影响可能是积极的。目前尚不清楚巴西，西非和中非对降雨的影响。

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