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首页> 外文期刊>Cotton Reseach Journal >Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Multi-Adversity Resistance
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Marker Assisted Gene Pyramiding for Multi-Adversity Resistance

机译：标记辅助基因金字塔的多重抗逆性

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Marker-based selection reduces / eUrninates intensive phenotyping, provides more effective options to control linkage drag makes the pyramiding of genes with very simple phenotypic effects possible and reduces the breeding duration. Gene pyramiding which aims to assemble multiple desirable genes into a single genotype is a commonly used method in breeding for self pollinated crop. Traditionally, the main use of gene pyramiding is to improve existing elite cultivars through introgression of afew genesof large effective from other sources. Marker based gene pyramiding is now a method of choice for inbred line development targeted at improving traits controlled by major gene. Although conventional breeding has mainly contributedfor improvement of agronomic traits including seed cotton yield and fibre quality, it continued to be stagnant in yield as a result of increasingly narrow genetic diversity in cultivated upland cotton is a matter of growing concern. An increasing understanding of gene regulations and availability of genomic tools should facilitate to break plateau in cotton production. Use of genetic engineering and molecular marker technology needs to be made part of breeding in cotton improvement. The agronomic traits are mostly polygenic (quantitative in nature) influenced by several loci having cumulative effect on the trait. If the quantitative traits could be resolved into individual genetic loci with the help of closely linked DNA markers, it might be possible to manipulate and monitor such traits in directed plant breeding as a tool to select desirable genotypes with combination of traits based on genotype instead of phenotype. Marker-assisted breeding has been successful for introgression and pyramiding major effects genes, howevermany challenges remain to be resolved before MAS can routinely provide added value for breeding very complex traits. The usefulness of marker-based selection procedures that focus on predicting performance indicates that markers can be used simply as aselectable tool to improve complex traits. As marker data becomes more readily available than phenotypic data, plant breeding decisions will become more genotype-driven than phenotype-driven.MAS would certainly be facilitated if it is better integrated into traditional breeding practices, rather than considering it as a substitute. More quantitative genetics theory is needed to address selection of complex and polygenic traits. Gene pyramiding is one of the best available marker assisted introgression methods which can accumulate only a couple of major genes from two parents and requires a couple of generations. If large sources of major genes are really to be unlocked then an efficient marker-assisted gene pyramiding scheme would be needed to tackle multiple, possibly linked, genes, from multiple parents. These innovative developments are only in the initial stages and dedicated efforts are need to exploit such novel methods.
机译：基于标记的选择减少/消除了密集的表型鉴定，提供了更有效的选择来控制连锁拖曳，使得具有非常简单的表型效应的基因金字塔化成为可能，并缩短了繁殖时间。旨在将多个所需基因组装成单一基因型的基因金字塔化是自花授粉作物育种的常用方法。传统上，基因金字塔的主要用途是通过渗入大量有效的其他基因来改善现有的优良品种。基于标记的基因金字塔现在是自交系发展的一种选择方法，其目标是改善主要基因控制的性状。尽管常规育种对改善农艺性状（包括籽棉产量和纤维品质）做出了主要贡献，但由于耕地陆地棉遗传多样性日益狭窄，其单产仍处于停滞状态，这一问题日益引起人们的关注。对基因调控和基因组工具可用性的日益了解应有助于打破棉花生产的平稳期。在棉花改良中，必须将基因工程和分子标记技术的使用作为育种的一部分。农艺性状大部分是多基因的（本质上是定量的），受几个对性状有累积影响的基因座的影响。如果可以通过紧密连接的DNA标记将数量性状分解为单个遗传基因座，则有可能在定向植物育种中操纵和监测此类性状，作为根据基因型而非基因型组合选择理想基因型的工具表型。标记辅助育种已经成功地渗入和融合了主要效应基因，但是在MAS能够常规地为非常复杂的性状提供增值之前，仍然存在许多挑战需要解决。基于标记的选择过程专注于预测性能的有用性表明，标记可以简单地用作改善复杂性状的可选工具。随着标记数据比表型数据更容易获得，植物育种决策将比表型驱动更受基因型驱动。如果将MAS更好地整合到传统育种实践中，而不是将其视为替代品，那么MAS无疑将得到帮助。需要更多的定量遗传学理论来解决复杂和多基因性状的选择。基因金字塔是目前最好的标记辅助基因渗入方法之一，只能从两个亲本中积累几个主要基因，并且需要几代人的时间。如果真正要释放大量主要基因，那么就需要一种有效的标记辅助基因金字塔计划来应对来自多个亲本的多个（可能是链接的）基因。这些创新的发展还处于起步阶段，需要付出艰辛的努力来开发这种新颖的方法。

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