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Human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus and immunosuppression.

机译：人乳头瘤病毒，人免疫缺陷病毒和免疫抑制。

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The vast majority of women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will be co-infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). The interaction between the two sexually transmitted infections appears to be related to the alteration in cell-mediated immunity in HIV infected persons, increased susceptibility, and possibly reactivation of latent HPV infection. Linkage studies of HIV/AIDs and Cancer registries have indicated a 2- to 22-fold increase in cervical cancer in HIV-positive women compared to HIV-negative women. Data on the prevalence of HPV types in invasive cervical carcinoma (ICC) suggest that the proportion of infection with types HPV16/18 (responsible for over 70% of all cervical cancers) is similar in HIV-negative and HIV-positive women. The biological interaction between HIV and HPV needs further elucidation, although there is some evidence that the presence of HPV infection may be associated with increased HIV transmission. Adolescents perinatally infected by HIV are known to have higher rates of HPV infection and also have been shown to seroconvert in response to HPV vaccination with the quadrivalent vaccine, albeit to lower titers than HIV-negative individuals. Anal cancer incidence is greatly increased in HIV-positive individuals, particularly in HIV-positive men who have sex with men. Screening for anal cancer precursors is feasible and effective; however, the impact on reduction of anal cancer remains to be demonstrated. There are ongoing studies on the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of current HPV vaccines in HIV-positive individuals and mature data are awaited. Male circumcision may be another approach to prevention of HPV transmission, which also requires further study.
机译：感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的绝大多数妇女将与人类乳头瘤病毒（HPV）共同感染。两种性传播感染之间的相互作用似乎与HIV感染者的细胞介导免疫力改变，易感性增加以及潜在的HPV潜在感染的再激活有关。 HIV / AIDs与癌症登记机构之间的关联研究表明，与HIV阴性女性相比，HIV阳性女性宫颈癌的发病率增加了2到22倍。关于浸润性宫颈癌（ICC）中HPV类型患病率的数据表明，在HIV阴性和HIV阳性妇女中，HPV16 / 18型（占所有子宫颈癌的70％以上）感染的比例相似。尽管有证据表明，HPV感染可能与HIV传播增加有关，但仍需要进一步阐明HIV与HPV之间的生物学相互作用。众所周知，围生期被艾滋病毒感染的青少年HPV感染率更高，并且已证明对四价疫苗接种HPV疫苗具有血清转化作用，尽管其滴度低于HIV阴性个体。 HIV阳性个体的肛门癌发病率大大增加，尤其是在与男性发生性关系的HIV阳性男性中。筛查肛门癌前体是可行和有效的。然而，对减少肛门癌的影响尚待证明。目前正在对HIV阳性个体中现有HPV疫苗的安全性，免疫原性和功效进行研究，并等待成熟的数据。男性包皮环切术可能是预防HPV传播的另一种方法，这也需要进一步研究。

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