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Long-term persistence of bacterial DNA

机译：细菌DNA的长期持久性

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摘要

The persistence of bacterial DNA over geological timespans remains a contentious issue. In direct contrast to in vitro based predictions, bacterial DNA and even culturable cells have been reported from various ancient specimens many million years (Ma) old. As both ancient DNA studies and the revival of microorganisms are known to be susceptible to contamination , it is concerning that these results have not been independently replicated to confirm their authenticity. Furthermore, they show no obvious relationship between sample age, and either bacterial composition or DNA persistence, although bacteria are known to differ markedly in hardiness and resistance to DNA degradation. We present the first study of DNA durability and degradation of a broad variety of bacteria preserved under optimal frozen conditions, using rigorous ancient DNA methods. The results demonstrate that non-spore-forming gram-positive (GP) Actinobacteria are by far the most durable, out-surviving endospore-formers such as Bacillaceae and Clostridiaceae. The observed DNA degradation rates are close to theoretical calculations, indicating a limit of ca. 400 thousand years (kyr) beyond which PCR amplifications are prevented by the formation of DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs).
机译：细菌DNA在地质时间跨度上的持久性仍然是一个有争议的问题。与基于体外的预测直接相反，已有数百万年历史的各种古代标本报道了细菌DNA甚至可培养细胞。由于已知古老的DNA研究和微生物的复兴都容易受到污染，因此值得关注的是，这些结果尚未独立复制以证实其真实性。此外，尽管已知细菌的硬度和对DNA降解的抵抗力明显不同，但它们在样品年龄与细菌组成或DNA持久性之间没有明显的关系。我们使用严格的古代DNA方法，对在最佳冷冻条件下保存的多种细菌的DNA耐久性和降解进行了首次研究。结果表明，非孢子形成革兰氏阳性（GP）放线菌是迄今为止最持久，存活最久的内生孢子形成菌，例如芽孢杆菌科和梭菌科。观察到的DNA降解速率接近理论计算值，表明约有极限。 40万年（kyr），超过这一时间，DNA链间交联（ICL）的形成将阻止PCR扩增。

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