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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry >Effect of Spent Mushroom Substrate Amendment of Vineyard Soils on the Behavior of Fungicides: 2. Mobility of Penconazole and Metalaxyl in Undisturbed Soil Cores
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Effect of Spent Mushroom Substrate Amendment of Vineyard Soils on the Behavior of Fungicides: 2. Mobility of Penconazole and Metalaxyl in Undisturbed Soil Cores

机译：葡萄园土壤废蘑菇底物改良剂对杀真菌剂行为的影响：2.戊康唑和甲霜灵在未扰动土壤核中的流动性

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摘要

Mobility of fungicides penconazole and metalaxyl in unamended and amended vineyard soils with fresh and composted spent mushroom substrates (F-SMS and C-SMS) was studied. Experiments were performed in non-incubated and incubated (outdoors for 77 days) undisturbed soil cores under non-saturated flow conditions. Breakthrough curves (BTC) of metalaxyl leaching were delayed with regard to the tracer ion, and they showed an incomplete leaching in all soil cores after the addition of 2.5-4.5 pore volumes. A decrease of the maximum peak concentration in C-SMS soils with regard to unamended soils (up to 24-fold in Viana soil) and an increase in the fungicide retention by soils (up to 8-fold in the first segment of Viana soil core) was observed. However, a decrease (up to 2.6-fold in Sajazarra soil) or an increase (up to 1.4-fold in Aldeanueva soil) of the maximum peak concentration in F-SMS soils was observed. No leaching of penconazole was observed in all cases. After fungicide incubation in soil cores, the amounts of metalaxyl retained and leached decreased significantly by 1.24-37.8-fold and 1.17-302-fold, respectively, whereas no changes were observed for penconazole. Degradation of metalaxyl occurred in non-incubated soil and increased after incubation (two metalaxyl metabolites were detected in the leachates and the soil extracts), but it was not seen for penconazole in any case. In consequence, the addition of SMS as amendment to soil (especially C-SMS) enhanced adsorption of both fungicides, although metalaxyl could be available for degradation. This effect contributes to prevent groundwater contamination by metalaxyl, but it could contribute to increase the surface water contamination by penconazole, because adsorption protects this fungicide from degradation, increasing its persistence in soils.
机译：研究了杀菌剂戊康唑和甲霜灵在未改良和改良过的带有新鲜和堆肥的废蘑菇底物（F-SMS和C-SMS）的葡萄园土壤中的流动性。实验是在非饱和流动条件下，在未受温育和在室外未受干扰的土壤核心中温育（室外77天）。示踪离子延迟了甲霜灵浸出的穿透曲线（BTC），并且在增加2.5-4.5的孔体积后，它们在所有土壤核心中均显示出不完全浸出。与未经改良的土壤相比，C-SMS土壤的最大峰值浓度降低（在维亚纳土壤中高达24倍），而在土壤中杀真菌剂的保留增加（在维亚纳土壤核心的第一部分中高达8倍） ） 被观测到。但是，观察到F-SMS土壤中最大峰值浓度的降低（最高为Sajazarra土壤的2.6倍）或增加的（最高为Aldeanueva土壤的1.4倍）。在所有情况下均未观察到戊康唑的浸出。在土壤核心中杀菌后，甲霜灵的保留量和浸出量分别显着下降了1.24-37.8倍和1.17-302倍，而戊康唑则未见变化。甲霜灵的降解发生在未孵化的土壤中，并在孵化后增加（在渗滤液和土壤提取物中检测到两种甲霜灵代谢产物），但在任何情况下均未见戊康唑。因此，尽管可以使用甲霜灵进行降解，但添加SMS作为对土壤的改良剂（尤其是C-SMS）可以增强两种杀菌剂的吸附。这种作用有助于防止甲霜灵对地下水的污染，但可能有助于增加戊康唑对地表水的污染，因为吸附可以保护这种杀菌剂免于降解，从而增加了其在土壤中的持久性。

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