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INO80-C and SWR-C: Guardians of the Genome

机译：INO80-C和SWR-C：基因组守护者

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The double membrane of the eukaryotic nucleus surrounds the genome, constraining it to a nuclear sphere. Proteins, RNA protein particles and artificial chromosome rings diffuse rapidly and freely throughout the nucleoplasm, while chromosomal loci show subdiffusive movement with varying degrees of constraint. In situ biochemical approaches and live imaging studies have revealed the existence of nuclear subconnpartments that are enriched for specific chromatin states and/or enzymatic activities. This sequestration is thought to enhance the formation of heterochromatin, particularly when factors of limited abundance are involved. Implicit in the concept of compartmentation is the idea that chromatin is able to move from one compartment to another. Indeed, in budding yeast, gene activation, repression and the presence of persistent DNA double-strand breaks each has been shown to provoke subnuclear relocalization of chromatin. In some cases, movement has been linked to the action of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, more specifically to the Snf2-related ATPase-containing complexes, SWR-C and INO80-C. Here we examine how these multi-subunit remodelers contribute to chromatin-based processes linked to the DNA damage response. We review recent evidence that supports a role for yeast SWR-C and INO80-C in determining the subnuclear position of damaged domains and finally, we recap the multiple ways in which these remodelers contribute to genomic integrity. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：真核细胞的双膜围绕着基因组，将其限制在一个核球上。蛋白质，RNA蛋白质颗粒和人工染色体环快速且自由地扩散到整个核质中，而染色体基因座显示出具有不同程度约束的亚扩散运动。原位生物化学方法和实时成像研究表明，存在丰富的核子室，可用于特定的染色质状态和/或酶活性。这种螯合被认为可增强异染色质的形成，特别是当涉及到有限丰度的因子时。分隔概念的隐含含义是染色质能够从一个分隔间移动到另一个分隔间。确实，在发芽酵母中，基因激活，阻抑和持续性DNA双链断裂的存在已被证明可引起染色质的亚核再定位。在某些情况下，运动与ATP依赖的染色质重塑复合物的作用有关，更具体地说，与Snf2相关的含ATPase的复合物SWR-C和INO80-C有关。在这里，我们研究了这些多亚基重塑剂如何促进与DNA损伤反应相关的基于染色质的过程。我们回顾了最近的证据，这些证据支持酵母SWR-C和INO80-C在确定受损结构域的亚核位置中的作用，最后，我们概述了这些重塑剂有助于基因组完整性的多种方式。 （c）2014 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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