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INO80-C and SWR-C: Guardians of the Genome

机译：Ino80-C和SWR-C：基因组的监护人

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The double membrane of the eukaryotic nucleus surrounds the genome, constraining it to a nuclear sphere. Proteins, RNA protein particles and artificial chromosome rings diffuse rapidly and freely throughout the nucleoplasm, while chromosomal loci show subdiffusive movement with varying degrees of constraint. In situ biochemical approaches and live imaging studies have revealed the existence of nuclear subconnpartments that are enriched for specific chromatin states and/or enzymatic activities. This sequestration is thought to enhance the formation of heterochromatin, particularly when factors of limited abundance are involved. Implicit in the concept of compartmentation is the idea that chromatin is able to move from one compartment to another. Indeed, in budding yeast, gene activation, repression and the presence of persistent DNA double-strand breaks each has been shown to provoke subnuclear relocalization of chromatin. In some cases, movement has been linked to the action of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, more specifically to the Snf2-related ATPase-containing complexes, SWR-C and INO80-C. Here we examine how these multi-subunit remodelers contribute to chromatin-based processes linked to the DNA damage response. We review recent evidence that supports a role for yeast SWR-C and INO80-C in determining the subnuclear position of damaged domains and finally, we recap the multiple ways in which these remodelers contribute to genomic integrity. (c) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：真核细胞核的双膜围绕基因组，将其限制在核球体上。蛋白质，RNA蛋白质颗粒和人工染色体环在整个核状物中迅速和自由地扩散，而染色体基因座显示出具有不同程度的约束的沉屈的运动。原位生化方法和生物成像研究揭示了核亚核零泊的存在，这些核亚族末期富含特异性染色质状态和/或酶活性。认为这种封存是为了增强异铬胺的形成，特别是当涉及有限的因素时。在舱室的概念中隐含是染色质能够从一个隔间移动到另一个隔间的想法。实际上，在萌芽酵母，基因活化，抑制和存在持续的DNA双链断裂中，每个都显示出染色染色质的亚核重新定化。在一些情况下，运动与ATP依赖性染色质重塑复合物的作用有关，更具体地与含SNF2相关的ATP酶的络合物，SWR-C和INO80-C的作用相关联。在这里，我们研究这些多亚基重塑者如何有助于与DNA损伤反应相关的基于染色质的方法。我们审查了最近的证据，支持酵母SWR-C和INO80-C的作用在确定受损域的次核位置，最后，我们重申了这些重塑者对基因组完整性的多种方式。 （c）2014年elestvier有限公司保留所有权利。

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