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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Seeing pain and pleasure on self and others: behavioral and psychophysiological reactivity in immersive virtual reality
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Seeing pain and pleasure on self and others: behavioral and psychophysiological reactivity in immersive virtual reality

机译：看到自我和他人的痛苦和愉悦：沉浸式虚拟现实中的行为和心理生理反应

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Studies have explored behavioral and neural responses to the observation of pain in others. However, much less is known about how taking a physical perspective influences reactivity to the observation of others' pain and pleasure. To explore this issue we devised a novel paradigm in which 24 healthy participants immersed in a virtual reality scenario observed a virtual: needle penetrating (pain), caress (pleasure), or ball touching (neutral) the hand of an avatar seen from a first (1PP)- or a third (3PP)-person perspective. Subjective ratings and physiological responses [skin conductance responses (SCR) and heart rate (HR)] were collected in each trial. All participants reported strong feelings of ownership of the virtual hand only in 1PP. Subjective measures also showed that pain and pleasure were experienced as more salient than neutral. SCR analysis demonstrated higher reactivity in 1PP than in 3PP. Importantly, vicarious pain induced stronger responses with respect to the other conditions in both perspectives. HR analysis revealed equally lower activity during pain and pleasure with respect to neutral. SCR may reflect egocentric perspective, and HR may merely index general arousal. The results suggest that behavioral and physiological indexes of reactivity to seeing others' pain and pleasure were qualitatively similar in 1PP and 3PP. Our paradigm indicates that virtual reality can be used to study vicarious sensation of pain and pleasure without actually delivering any stimulus to participants' real body and to explore behavioral and physiological reactivity when they observe pain and pleasure from ego- and allocentric perspectives.
机译：研究已经探索了行为和神经对观察他人疼痛的反应。但是，人们对采取物理角度如何影响观察他人痛苦和愉悦感的反应知之甚少。为了探究这个问题，我们设计了一种新颖的范例，其中24位健康的参与者沉浸在虚拟现实场景中观察到了虚拟：从第一眼看到的针穿透（疼痛），爱抚（愉悦）或触球（中性）化身的手（1PP）-或第三人称（3PP）人。在每个试验中收集主观评分和生理反应[皮肤电导反应（SCR）和心率（HR）]。所有参与者都只在1PP中表现出强烈的虚拟手拥有感。主观测量还表明，与中立相比，痛苦和愉悦感更加突出。 SCR分析表明1PP中的反应活性高于3PP。重要的是，从两种角度来看，替代性疼痛都对其他疾病引起了更强的反应。 HR分析显示，相对于中性而言，在疼痛和愉悦时的活动量同样较低。 SCR可能会反映以自我为中心的观点，而HR可能只会索引一般的唤醒。结果表明，在1PP和3PP中，观察他人痛苦和愉悦的反应性的行为和生理指标在质量上相似。我们的范例表明，虚拟现实可用于研究疼痛和愉悦的替代感觉，而无需实际对参与者的真实身体施加任何刺激，并且当他们从自我和同心异体的角度观察疼痛和愉悦时，探索行为和生理反应。

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