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首页> 外文期刊>Current directions in psychological science: a journal of the American Psychological Society >Effects of Size on Collision Perception and Implications for Perceptual Theory and Transportation Safety
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Effects of Size on Collision Perception and Implications for Perceptual Theory and Transportation Safety

机译：尺寸对碰撞感知的影响及其对感知理论和运输安全的影响

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摘要

People avoid collisions when they walk or drive, and they create collisions when they hit balls or tackle opponents. To do so, people rely on the perception of depth (perception of objects' locations) and time-to-collision (perception of when a collision will occur), which are supported by different information sources. Depth cues, such as relative size, provide heuristics for relative depth, whereas optical invariants, such as tau, provide reliable time-to-collision information. One would expect people to rely on invariants rather than depth cues, but the size-arrival effect shows the contrary: People reported that a large far approaching object would hit them sooner than a small near object that would have hit first. This effect of size on collision perception violates theories of time-to-collision perception based solely on the invariant tau and suggests that perception is based on multiple information sources, including heuristics. The size-arrival effect potentially can lead drivers to misjudge when a vehicle would arrive at an intersection and is considered a contributing factor in motorcycle accidents. In this article, I review research on the size-arrival effect and its theoretical and practical implications.
机译：人们走路或开车时避免碰撞，当他们击打球或对付对手时会产生碰撞。为此，人们依靠对深度的感知（感知物体的位置）和达到碰撞的时间（感知何时发生碰撞），这由不同的信息源提供支持。深度提示（例如相对大小）提供了相对深度的启发式方法，而光学不变性（例如tau）则提供了可靠的碰撞时间信息。人们会期望人们依靠不变性而不是深度线索，但是到达大小的效果却恰恰相反：人们报告说，一个大的，接近物体比一个小的近物体会更早地撞到他们。大小对碰撞感知的影响违反了仅基于不变tau的碰撞时间感知理论，并暗示感知基于多种信息源，包括启发式。尺寸到达效应有可能导致驾驶员在车辆到达十字路口时作出错误判断，被认为是摩托车事故的成因。在本文中，我回顾了尺寸到达效应及其理论和实践意义的研究。

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