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首页> 外文期刊>Current directions in psychological science: a journal of the American Psychological Society >Language and children's understanding of mental states
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Language and children's understanding of mental states

机译：语言和儿童对心理状态的理解

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摘要

Children progress through various landmarks in their understanding of mind and emotion. They eventually understand that people's actions, utterances, and emotions are determined by their beliefs. Although these insights emerge in all normal children, individual children vary in their rates of progress. Four lines of research indicate that language and conversation play a role in individual development: (a) Children with advanced language skills are better at mental-state understanding than those without advanced language skills, (b) deaf children born into nonsigning families lag in mental-state understanding, and (c) exposure to maternal conversation rich in references to mental states promotes mental-state understanding, as do (d) experimental language-based interventions. Debate centers on the mechanism by which language and conversation help children's understanding Of mental states. Three competing interpretations are evaluated here: lexical enrichment (the child gains from acquiring a rich mental-state vocabulary), syntactic enrichment (the child gains from acquiring syntactic tools for embedding one thought in another), and pragmatic enrichment (the child gains from conversations in which varying perspectives on a given topic are articulated). pragmatic enrichment emerges as the most promising candidate.
机译：孩子们在理解思维和情感上会经历各种里程碑式的进步。他们最终了解人们的行为，话语和情感取决于他们的信仰。尽管这些见识出现在所有正常儿童中，但个别儿童的进步速度各不相同。四项研究表明，语言和会话在个人发展中发挥着作用：（a）具有高级语言能力的孩子比没有高级语言能力的孩子在心理状态上的理解要好得多;（b）出生于未签名家庭的聋哑儿童的智力落后状态理解，以及（c）接触丰富的精神状态的孕产妇谈话，会促进精神状态理解，（d）基于实验语言的干预也是如此。辩论的重点是通过语言和对话帮助儿童理解心理状态的机制。这里评估了三种相互竞争的解释：词汇充实（孩子从获得丰富的心理状态词汇中获得收益），句法充实（孩子从获得将一种思想嵌入其中的句法工具中获得收益）和语用充实（孩子从对话中获得收益）其中阐明了对给定主题的不同观点）。务实的富裕成为最有前途的候选人。

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