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首页> 外文期刊>Current drug abuse reviews. >Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990-2010).
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Unemployment and substance use: a review of the literature (1990-2010).

机译：失业和药物滥用：文献综述（1990-2010年）。

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The current article summarizes the results of a comprehensive review of the international research published between 1990 and 2010. The research was focused on the prevalence of substance use/disorders among the unemployed and employed, the impact of substance abuse on unemployment and vice versa, the effect of unemployment on alcohol/ drug addiction treatment and smoking cessation, and the relationship between business cycle, unemployment rate and substance use. Over hundred-thirty relevant studies were identified investigating these issues. The main results are as follows: (1) Risky alcohol consumption (associated with hazardous, binge, and heavy drinking) is more prevalent among the unemployed. They are also more likely to be smokers, to use illicit and prescription drugs, and to have alcohol and drug disorders (abuse, dependence). (2) Problematic substance use increases the likelihood of unemployment and decreases the chance of finding and holding down a job. (3) Unemployment is a significant risk factor for substance use and the subsequent development of substance use disorders. However, the current research provides only limited information about which individuals are more likely to be affected. (4) Unemployment increases the risk of relapse after alcohol and drug addiction treatment. (5) The exact nature of the relationship between unemployment and the probability of smoking cessation remains unclear due to the mixed results observed in the literature review. (6) Drinking and smoking patterns appear to be procyclical. We see a decrease in both when the economy declines and the unemployment rate increases. In contrast, a countercyclical trend was observed amongst adolescent drug users. However, these studies do not provide any convincing or additional information about substance use amongst the unemployed. This paper discusses the merits, limitations and problems of the research, proposes numerous future research questions, and outlines important implications for policy makers and practitioners, especially with regard to prevention and vocational promotion and rehabilitation.
机译：本文总结了对1990年至2010年间发表的国际研究报告进行的全面审查的结果。该研究的重点是失业者和就业者中物质使用/疾病的普遍性，物质滥用对失业的影响，反之亦然。失业对酒精/毒品成瘾治疗和戒烟的影响，以及商业周期，失业率和药物使用之间的关系。超过一百三十项相关研究被发现对这些问题进行了调查。主要结果如下：（1）在失业者中，高风险饮酒（与危险的，暴饮暴食和酗酒有关）更为普遍。他们也更可能是吸烟者，使用违禁和处方药，并且患有酒精和毒品疾病（滥用，依赖）。 （2）有问题的物质使用增加了失业的可能性，并减少了找到和压低工作的机会。 （3）失业是物质使用以及随后发生的物质使用障碍的重要风险因素。但是，当前的研究仅提供了有关哪些人更可能受到影响的有限信息。 （4）失业会增加饮酒和吸毒成瘾后复发的风险。 （5）由于文献综述中观察到的混合结果，失业与戒烟可能性之间关系的确切性质仍不清楚。 （6）饮酒和吸烟方式似乎是周期性的。当经济下降和失业率上升时，我们都看到下降。相反，在青少年吸毒者中观察到反周期趋势。但是，这些研究没有为失业者提供有关物质使用的任何令人信服的信息或其他信息。本文讨论了这项研究的优缺点，局限性和问题，提出了许多未来的研究问题，并概述了对政策制定者和从业者的重要意义，特别是在预防和职业促进与康复方面。

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