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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science and Pollution Research >Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries
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Socio-economic and environmental factors influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda: evidence from a panel of selected Asian and African countries

机译：社会经济和环境因素影响了联合国医疗保健可持续议程：来自选定亚洲和非洲国家小组的证据

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The objective of the study is to evaluate socio-economic and environmental factors that influenced the United Nations healthcare sustainable agenda in a panel of 21 Asian and African countries. The results show that changes in price level (0.0062, p<0.000), life risks of maternal death (4.579, p<0.000), and under-5 mortality rate (0.374, p<0.000) substantially increases out-of-pocket health expenditures, while CO2 emissions (5.681, p<0.003), prevalence of undernourishment (15.184, p<0.000), PM2.5 particulate emission (1557, p<0.000), unemployment, and private health expenditures (30.729, p<0000) are associated with high mortality rate across countries. Healthcare reforms affected by low healthcare spending, unsustainable environment, and ease of environmental regulations that ultimately increases mortality rate across countries. The Granger causality estimates confirmed the different causal mechanisms between socio-economic and environmental factors, which is directly linked with the country's healthcare agenda, i.e., the causality running from (i) CO2 emissions to life risks of maternal death and under-5 mortality rate, (ii) from depth of food deficit to incidence of tuberculosis and unemployment, (iii) from PM2.5 emissions to infant mortality rate, (iv) from foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows to PM2.5 emissions, (v) from trade openness to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and (vi) from mortality indicators to per capita income, while there is a feedback relationship between health expenditures and per capita income across countries. The variance decomposition analysis shows that (i) under-5 mortality rate will increase out-of-pocket health expenditures, (ii) unemployment rate will increase mortality indicators, and (iii) health expenditures will increase economic well-being in a panel of selected countries, for the next 10 years.
机译：这项研究的目的是评估，在21个亚洲和非洲国家的面板影响了联合国可持续的医疗保健议程的社会经济和环境因素。结果表明在价格水平（0.0062，P <0.000），其变化，寿命产妇死亡（4.579，P <0.000）的风险，并在-5死亡率（0.374，P <0.000）显着增加外的口袋健康支出，而二氧化碳的排放量（5.681，p <0.003），食物不足发生率（15.184，p <0.000），PM2.5微粒排放（1557，p <0.000），失业和私人健康支出（30.729，p <0000）与高死亡率的国家之间有关。受低医疗支出，不可持续的环境和轻松的环境法规，最终提高死亡率不同国家医疗保健改革。格兰杰因果关系估计证实社会经济和环境因素之间的不同因果机制，这直接与国家的医疗保健议程，即链接，从（I）的二氧化碳排放到生活运行的因果关系产妇死亡的风险和五岁以下儿童死亡率率，（ii）从缺粮的深度结核病和失业的发生率，（iii）由PM2.5排放婴儿死亡率;（四）外国直接投资（FDI）流入PM2.5的排放，（五）从开放贸易，温室气体（GHG）排放量，及（vi）从死亡率指标，人均收入，同时存在卫生支出按不同国家人均收入之间和反馈关系。在面板的方差分解分析显示，（i）根据以下儿童死亡率将增加外的自付医疗费用;（二）失业率会增加死亡率指标，及（iii）卫生支出也将增加经济福利选定的国家，在未来10年。

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