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首页> 外文期刊>Environmental Science and Pollution Research >A systematic review and meta-analysis of lead and cadmium concentrations in cow milk in Iran and human health risk assessment
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of lead and cadmium concentrations in cow milk in Iran and human health risk assessment

机译：伊朗牛奶中铅和镉浓度的系统评价与荟萃分析及人体健康风险评估

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The aim of the current research was to systematically review and summarize the studies that evaluated the concentration of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in cow milk in different regions of Iran and to perform a meta-analysis of the findings. Moreover, the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of Pb and Cd through milk consumption in adult and child consumers were assessed. As a result of a systematic search in the international and national databases between January 2008 and October 2018, 17 reports involving 1874 samples were incorporated in our study for meta-analysis. The pooled concentrations of Pb and Cd were estimated to be 13.95 mu g mL(-1) (95% CI 9.72-18.11 mu g mL(-1)) and 3.55 mu g mL(-1) (95% CI - 2.38-9.48 mu g mL(-1)), respectively, which were lower than the WHO/FAO and national standard limits. The estimated weekly intake (EWI) of Pb and Cd through consuming milk was 16.65 and 7 mu g day(-1) for adults of 70 kg and 45 and 34 mu g day(-1) for children of 26 kg, respectively, which was well below the risk values set by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The maximum target hazard quotient values (THQs) of Pb and Cd were 5.55E-5 and 5.55E-5 for adults and 5.55E-5 and 5.55E-5 for children, respectively, which were lower than 1 value, suggesting that Iranian consumers are not exposed to non-carcinogenic risk through consuming milk. Moreover, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of Pb estimated to be 2.96E-04 in adults and 1.0E-03 in children, indicating that consumers in Iran are at threshold carcinogenic risk of Pb through consuming milk (ILCR > 10(-4)). Therefore, planning and policy making for the sustainable reduction of these toxic metals in milk, particularly in industrial regions of Iran, are crucial.
机译：目前研究的目的是系统地审查和总结评估伊朗不同地区牛奶中铅（Pb）和镉（CD）的浓度，并对研究结果进行荟萃分析。此外，评估了通过成人和儿童消费者牛奶消费的Pb和Cd的非致癌和致癌风险。由于2008年1月至2018年1月至2018年10月期间的国际和国家数据库系统的系统检索，在我们的META分析的研究中载入了17个涉及1874个样品的报告。 Pb和Cd的汇集浓度估计为13.95μgmm（-1）（95％Cl9.72-18.11μgmml（-1））和3.55μg（-1）（95％Ci-2.38- 9.48 mu g ml（-1））分别低于世卫组织/粮农组织和国家标准限额。通过消耗牛奶的Pb和Cd的估计每周摄入量（EWI）为16.65和7μg（-1），分别为26公斤的儿童70公斤和45和34亩（-1）的成年人，其中远远低于粮农组织/世卫组织食品添加剂专家委员会（JECFA）设定的风险价值。 Pb和Cd的最大目标危险商（THQ）为5.55e-5和5.55e-5，分别为5.55e-5和5.55e-5，分别低于1价值，表明伊朗消费者通过消耗牛奶不会暴露于非致癌风险。此外，估计为2.96E-04的PB的增量寿命癌症风险（ILCR）在儿童中为2.96E-04，表明伊朗的消费者通过消耗牛奶（ILCR> 10（ - ）是抗PB的阈值致癌风险（ILCR> 10（ - 4））。因此，为牛奶中这些有毒金属的可持续减少的规划和政策，特别是在伊朗的工业地区是至关重要的。

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