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Discrete-Element Simulation of Scaling Effect of Strain Localization in Dense Granular Materials

机译：致密颗粒材料应变定位缩放效应的离散元素模拟

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This paper presents a discrete-element method (DEM) study of the scaling effect of strain localization in dense sand. We used disc particles and clump particles to generate specimens for biaxial compression tests, and we adopted a flexible boundary. To investigate the scaling effect, we used a fixed size of specimen composed of different size particles. Numerical simulation reveals that the obtained stress difference and volume strain at a certain strain decrease with R (ratio of specimen width and mean particle size d(50)). As long as the ratio R is larger than 30, the stress difference, volume strain, peak friction angle, and maximum dilatancy angle approach stable values. The influence of R on the shear strength and volumetric strain of the specimen made of disc particles is greater than the one made of clump particles. With the increase in R, the coordination number and average and maximum contact forces decrease gradually, and the shear band width in dense sand gradually decreases and converges to a constant. The shear band inclination does not reveal obvious variation with R, and the obtained results are close to Roscoe's formula. When R is large enough (i.e., R >= 40), the obtained shear band width keeps a constant, and the influence of particle size on shear band disappears. With the decrease in d(50), the ratio of shear band width with d(50) gradually decreases; it reaches a stable value when R is large enough.
机译：本文提出了一种离散元素法（DEM）研究了致密砂中应变定位的缩放效应。我们使用圆盘颗粒和团聚颗粒来产生双轴压缩测试的标本，我们采用了灵活的边界。为了研究缩放效果，我们使用由不同尺寸粒子组成的固定尺寸的样本。数值模拟表明，在一定应变中获得的应力差和体积应变与R（样本宽度和平均粒度D（50）的比率）降低。只要比率r大于30，应力差，体积应变，峰值摩擦角和最大膨胀角接近稳定值。 r对由盘颗粒制成的样品的剪切强度和体积应变的影响大于由丛颗粒制成的样品。随着R的增加，协调数和平均和最大接触力逐渐减小，致密砂中的剪切带宽逐渐减小并收敛到恒定。剪切带倾斜不会揭示与R的明显变化，并且获得的结果接近Roscoe的公式。当R足够大（即，R> = 40）时，所获得的剪切带宽保持恒定，并且粒径对剪切带的影响消失。随着D（50）的降低，剪切带宽与D（50）的比率逐渐减小;当R足够大时，它达到稳定的值。

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