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Height Changes Associated with Pigment Aggregation in Xenopus laevis Melanophores

机译：非洲爪蟾黑色素与色素聚集相关的高度变化

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Melanophores are pigment cells found in the skin of lower vertebrates. The brownish-black pigment melanin is stored in organelles called melanosomes. In response to different stimuli, the cells can redistribute the melanosomes, and thereby change colour. During melanosome aggregation, a height increase has been observed in fish and frog melanophores across the cell centre. The mechanism by which the cell increases its height is unknown. Changes in cell shape can alter the electrical properties of thecell, and thereby be detected in impedance measurements. We have in earlier studies of Xenopus laevis melanophores shown that pigment aggregation can be revealed as impedance changes, and therefore we were interested in investigating the height changesassociated with pigment aggregation further. Accordingly, we quantified the changes in cell height by performing vertical sectioning with confocal microscopy. In analogy with theories explaining the leading edge of migrating cells, we investigated the possibility that the elevation of plasma membrane is caused by local swelling due to influx of water through HgCl_2-sensitive aquaporins. We also measured the height of the microtubule structures to assess whether they are involved in the height increase.Our results show that pigment aggregation in X. laevis melanophores resulted in a significant height increase, which was substantially larger when aggregation was induced by latrunculin than with melatonin. Moreover, the elevation of the plasma membranedid not correlate with influx of water through aquaporins or formation of new microtubules, Rather, the accumulation of granules seemed to drive the change in cell height.
机译：黑素细胞是在低等脊椎动物皮肤中发现的色素细胞。棕黑色颜料黑色素存储在称为黑素体的细胞器中。响应不同的刺激，细胞可以重新分布黑素体，从而改变颜色。在黑素体聚集期间，已经观察到整个细胞中心的鱼和青蛙黑素体的高度增加。细胞增加其高度的机制尚不清楚。单元形状的变化可以改变单元的电特性，从而在阻抗测量中被检测到。我们在非洲爪蟾黑色素细胞的早期研究中表明，色素聚集可以通过阻抗变化显示出来，因此我们有兴趣进一步研究与色素聚集相关的高度变化。因此，我们通过使用共聚焦显微镜进行垂直切片来量化细胞高度的变化。与解释迁移细胞前沿的理论类似，我们研究了质膜升高是由水通过HgCl_2敏感的水通道蛋白流入引起的局部溶胀引起的。我们还测量了微管结构的高度，以评估它们是否参与了高度的增加。我们的结果表明，X.laevis melanophores中的色素聚集导致显着的高度增加，当拉美古林诱导聚集时，其显着大于褪黑激素。此外，血浆膜的升高与水通过水通道蛋白的流入或新的微管的形成无关，而是颗粒的积累似乎驱动了细胞高度的改变。

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