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Molecular diagnostics of medically important bacterial infections

机译：医学上重要的细菌感染的分子诊断

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Infectious diseases are common diseases all over the world. A recent World Health Organization report indicated that infectious diseases are now the world's biggest killer of children and young adults. Infectious diseases in non-industrialized countries caused 45% in all and 63% of death in early childhood. In developed countries, the emergence of new, rare or already-forgotten infectious diseases, such as HIV/AIDS, Lyme disease and tuberculosis, has stimulated public interest and inspired commitments to surveillance and control. Recently, it is reported that infectious diseases are responsible for more than 17 million deaths worldwide each year, most of which are associated with bacterial infections. Hence, the control of infectious diseases control is still an important task in the world. The ability to control such bacterial infections is largely dependent on the ability to detect these aetiological agents in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Diagnostic medical bacteriology consists of two main components namely identification and typing. Molecular biology has the potential to revolutionise the way in which diagnostic tests are delivered in order to optimise care of the infected patient, whether they occur in hospital or in the community. Since the discovery of PCR in the late 1980s, there has been an enormous amount of research performed which has enabled the introduction of molecular tests to several areas of routine clinical microbiology. Molecular biology techniques continue to evolve rapidly, so it has been problematic for many laboratories to decide upon which test to introduce before that technology becomes outdated. However the vast majority of diagnostic clinical bacteriology laboratories do not currently employ any form of molecular diagnostics but the use such technology is becoming more widespread in both specialized regional laboratories as well as in national reference laboratories. Presently molecular biology offers a wide repertoire of techniques and permutations of these analytical tools, hence this article wishes to explore the application of these in the diagnostic laboratory setting.
机译：传染病是全世界的常见疾病。世界卫生组织最近的一份报告指出，传染病现已成为世界上最大的儿童和年轻人杀手。非工业化国家的传染病导致幼儿死亡的总数占45％，造成死亡的63％。在发达国家，诸如艾滋病毒/艾滋病，莱姆病和肺结核等新的，罕见的或已经被遗忘的传染病的出现激发了公众的兴趣，并激发了人们对监测和控制的承诺。最近，据报道，传染病每年导致全世界超过1700万人死亡，其中大多数与细菌感染有关。因此，控制传染病仍然是世界上的重要任务。控制此类细菌感染的能力在很大程度上取决于在临床微生物学实验室中检测这些病原体的能力。诊断医学细菌学包括两个主要组成部分，即识别和分型。分子生物学有可能改变诊断测试的提供方式，以优化被感染患者的护理，无论它们是在医院还是在社区中进行。自1980年代后期发现PCR以来，已经进行了大量研究，这使得分子检测可以引入常规临床微生物学的多个领域。分子生物学技术继续迅速发展，因此许多实验室在过时的技术上决定引入哪种测试一直是个难题。但是，绝大多数临床诊断细菌学实验室目前并未采用任何形式的分子诊断方法，但是这种技术的使用在专门的区域实验室和国家参考实验室中都变得越来越普遍。目前，分子生物学提供了这些分析工具的广泛技术和方法，因此本文希望探索这些方法在诊断实验室环境中的应用。

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