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Epidural block: Technical aspects and complications

机译:硬膜外阻滞:技术方面和并发症

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In continuous epidural anaesthesia we rely heavily on the 'test dose' to confirm correct placement of the catheter. This is not always accurate and there are a number of new techniques designed to provide better information about epidural needle and catheter placement. These include: electrical stimulation of the catheter, use of ultrasound and the application of simple geometry. The use of epidurals in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery is controversial because of the risk of vertebral canal haematoma. Neurological complications may arise during administration of the block, since the needle or catheter may result in direct nerve trauma. The injection of irritant drugs can also cause neurological damage. We must therefore be meticulous when injecting drugs into the epidural space. The increasing use of anticoagulant therapy in surgical patients and, in particular, the variety of low molecular weight heparins available, may make it difficult to safely perform epidural anaesthesia.
机译:在连续硬膜外麻醉中,我们严重依赖“测试剂量”来确认导管的正确放置。这并不总是准确的,有许多旨在提供有关硬膜外针头和导管放置的更好信息的新技术。其中包括:导管的电刺激,超声的使用和简单几何形状的应用。由于发生椎管血肿的风险,在进行冠状动脉搭桥术的患者中使用硬膜外疗法引起争议。由于针或导管可能导致直接的神经外伤,因此在进行阻滞给药期间可能会出现神经系统并发症。注射刺激性药物也会引起神经系统损害。因此,在将药物注入硬膜外腔时,我们必须谨慎行事。在外科手术患者中抗凝疗法的使用不断增加,尤其是可用的各种低分子量肝素,可能使安全地进行硬膜外麻醉变得困难。

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