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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in anaesthesiology >Inhalation agents in pediatric anaesthesia - an update.
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Inhalation agents in pediatric anaesthesia - an update.

机译：小儿麻醉中的吸入剂-更新。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present the most recent publications on inhaled agents in children and their implications for clinical care. RECENT FINDINGS: The roles of clonidine, dexmedetomidine, ketamine and nalbuphine in the treatment of emergence delirium after sevoflurane and desflurane are discussed. Bispectral index monitoring has generated several curious findings in children. Halothane consistently produced higher Bispectral index readings than equi-minimum-alveolar-concentration multiples of ether anesthetics. Bispectral index readings increased as the sevoflurane concentration increased beyond 3%. Inhalation agents may cause two serious complications when administered to children with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy: hyperkalemia in younger children and myocardial depression in adolescents. Recovery after desflurane anesthesia is more rapid than with the other ether anesthetics in infants and children. Single-breath inductions are of interest in children >6 years for rapid anesthesia induction. SUMMARY: Sevoflurane and desflurane continue to challenge our abilities to anesthetize children safely and efficiently. Although transient emergence delirium after insoluble agents is a problem, several medications may be used to attenuate it. Inhaled agents must be used with caution in children with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy as hyperkalemia may occur in young males and myocardial depression in adolescents. Rapid recovery after desflurane and single-breath inductions with sevoflurane continue to fascinate clinicians.
机译：审查目的：介绍有关儿童吸入剂及其对临床护理的影响的最新出版物。最近的研究结果：讨论了可乐定，右美托咪定，氯胺酮和纳布啡在七氟醚和地氟醚后出现del妄的治疗中的作用。双光谱指数监测已在儿童中产生了一些奇怪的发现。氟烷始终比醚麻醉剂的最小肺泡浓度倍数产生更高的双光谱指数读数。随着七氟醚浓度增加超过3％，双光谱指数读数增加。向患有杜兴氏肌营养不良症的儿童服用时，吸入剂可能引起两种严重的并发症：幼儿血钾过多和青少年心肌抑郁。地氟醚麻醉后的恢复比婴儿和儿童中其他醚麻醉的恢复更快。对于快速麻醉诱导> 6岁的儿童，单次呼吸诱导是令人感兴趣的。摘要：七氟醚和地氟醚继续挑战我们安全有效地麻醉儿童的能力。尽管在不溶性药物后出现短暂性del妄是一个问题，但可以使用几种药物来减轻它。对于患有Duchenne肌营养不良症的儿童，应谨慎使用吸入剂，因为年轻男性可能会发生高钾血症，而青少年则可能出现心肌抑郁症。地氟醚和七氟醚单次呼吸诱导后的快速恢复继续使临床医生着迷。

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