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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Sociobiology in turmoil again
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Sociobiology in turmoil again

机译：社会生物学再次陷入动荡

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Altruism is defined as any behaviour that lowers the Darwinian fitness of the actor while increasing that of the recipient. Such altruism (especially in the form of lifetime sterility exhibited by sterile workers in eusocial insects such as ants, bees, wasps and termites) has long been considered a major difficulty for the theory of natural selection. In the 1960s W. D. Hamilton potentially solved this problem by defining a new measure of fitness that he called inclusive fitness, which also included the effect of an individual's action on the fitness of genetic relatives. This has come to be known as inclusive fitness theory, Hamilton's rule or kin selection. E. O. Wilson almost single-handedly popularized this new approach in the 1970s and thus helped create a large body of new empirical research and a large community of behavioural ecologists and kin selectionists. Adding thrill and drama to our otherwise sombre lives, Wilson is now leading a frontal attack on Hamilton's approach, claiming that the inclusive fitness theory is not as mathematically general as the standard natural selection theory, has led to no additional biological insights and should therefore be abandoned. The world cannot but sit up and take notice.
机译：利他主义被定义为在提高接收者适应能力的同时降低演员的达尔文适应性的任何行为。长期以来，这种利他主义（特别是以不育工人在诸如蚂蚁，蜜蜂，黄蜂和白蚁等共生昆虫中表现出的终生无菌形式）一直被认为是自然选择理论的主要困难。在1960年代，汉密尔顿（W. D. Hamilton）可能通过定义一种新的适应性度量标准来解决这个问题，他称其为“包容性适应性”，其中还包括个体行为对遗传亲属适应性的影响。这已被称为包容适应理论，汉密尔顿法则或亲属选择。 E. O. Wilson在1970年代几乎单枪匹马地推广了这种新方法，从而帮助创建了大量的新实证研究机构以及行为生态学家和亲属选择主义者的庞大团体。威尔逊（Wilson）为汉密尔顿的方法带来了正面的冲击，称其为包容性适应性理论在数学上不如标准自然选择理论那么普遍，并没有带来更多生物学洞察力，因此应当弃。世界不能不坐下来注意。

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