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Anaesthesia for the paediatric outpatient

机译：儿科门诊麻醉

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Purpose of reviewThe aim of this review was to discuss recent developments in paediatric anaesthesia, which are particularly relevant to the practitioner involved in paediatric outpatient anaesthesia.Recent findingsThe use of a pharmacological premedication is still a matter of debate. Several publications are focussing on nasal dexmedetomidine; however, its exact place has not yet been defined. Both inhalational and intravenous anaesthesia techniques still have their advocates; for diagnostic imaging, however, propofol is emerging as the agent of choice. The disappearance of codeine has left a breach for an oral opioid and has probably worsened postoperative analgesia following tonsillectomy. In recent years, a large body of evidence for the prevention of postoperative agitation has appeared. Alpha-2-agonists as well as the transition to propofol play an important role. There is now some consensus that for reasons of practicability prophylactic antiemetics should be administered to all and not only to selected high-risk patients.SummaryPerfect organization of the whole process is a prerequisite for successful paediatric outpatient anaesthesia. In addition, the skilled practitioner is able to provide a smooth anaesthetic, minimizing complications, and, finally, he has a clear concept for avoiding postoperative pain, agitation and vomiting.
机译：审查的目的这项审查的目的是讨论儿科麻醉的最新进展，这些进展与参与儿科门诊麻醉的医生特别相关。最近的发现使用药理学前药治疗尚有争议。一些出版物集中在鼻右美托咪定上。但是，它的确切位置尚未定义。吸入麻醉和静脉麻醉技术仍然是他们的提倡者。用于诊断成像的丙泊酚正在成为首选药物。可待因的消失给口服阿片类药物留下了隐患，扁桃体切除术后可能使术后镇痛恶化。近年来，已经出现了大量预防术后躁动的证据。 α-2-激动剂以及向丙泊酚的过渡都起着重要作用。现在已经有共识，由于实用性，预防性止吐药应应用于所有患者，而不仅限于选定的高危患者。总结整个过程的完美组织是小儿门诊麻醉成功的前提。另外，熟练的从业者能够提供平滑的麻醉，使并发症最小化，并且，最后，他具有避免术后疼痛，躁动和呕吐的清晰概念。

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