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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Pyroglutamic acid: throwing light on a lightly studied metabolite
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Pyroglutamic acid: throwing light on a lightly studied metabolite

机译：焦谷氨酸：研究轻量的代谢产物

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摘要

Pyroglutamic acid or 5-oxoproline is the cyclic lactam of glutamic acid. Its presence in living cells has been reported from archaebacteria to humans, and its occurrence in living cells has been known for over a century. Despite its almost ubiquitous presence, the role of pyroglutamic acid in living cells is poorly understood. Pyroglutamic acid is found as an N-terminal modification in many neuronal peptides and hormones that also include the accumulating peptides in Alzheimer's disease and familial dementia. The modification is also observed in proteins that include many antibodies, some enzymes and structural proteins. The modification in proteins has been shown to contribute to both the structural and activity-related properties of the proteins. Pyroglutamate also exists as a free metabolite in living cells. In several genetic disorders of humans, and in an acetaminophen-induced metabolic disorder, high levels of pyroglutamic acid are secreted in the urine in what is known as 5-oxoprolinuria. The proposed functions of free pyroglutamic acid include its role as an analogue or reservoir of glutamate, as well as other functions unique to it, that includes a possible role in osmoprotection. This short review tries to capture our current understanding of pyroglutamic acid in living cells.
机译：焦谷氨酸或5-氧代脯氨酸是谷氨酸的环状内酰胺。从古细菌到人类已经报道了它在活细胞中的存在，并且在活细胞中的存在已经有一个多世纪了。尽管几乎无处不在，但焦谷氨酸在活细胞中的作用却鲜为人知。焦谷氨酸在许多神经元肽和激素中被发现为N末端修饰，其中还包括在阿尔茨海默氏病和家族性痴呆症中积累的肽。在包含许多抗体，某些酶和结构蛋白的蛋白质中也观察到这种修饰。已经显示蛋白质中的修饰有助于蛋白质的结构和活性相关性质。焦谷氨酸也以游离代谢物的形式存在于活细胞中。在人类的几种遗传疾病中以及在对乙酰氨基酚引起的代谢疾病中，尿液中会分泌高水平的焦谷氨酸，这就是所谓的5-氧代脯氨酸尿症。所提出的游离焦谷氨酸的功能包括其作为谷氨酸类似物或储库的作用，以及其独特的其他功能，包括在渗透保护中的可能作用。这篇简短的评论试图捕捉我们目前对活细胞中焦谷氨酸的了解。

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