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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Population growth, food shortages and ways to alleviate hunger.
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Population growth, food shortages and ways to alleviate hunger.

机译：人口增长，粮食短缺和缓解饥饿的方法。

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Improvement of agriculture in developing countries is the only way of alleviating hunger. The available agricultural technology will not be able to meet the challenge of the present population growth of about a billion additional mouths every 12-14 year without detriment to natural resources and the environment and has to be suitably modified. Availability of quality seeds is a major problem in most developing countries. Availability of irrigation water and energy and their use efficiency need to be improved. One of the major drawbacks of modern agriculture has been the overuse or rather abuse of agrochemicals. Their use has to be minimized and alternative ways of controlling pests and diseases in crops using natural products and biopesticides deserve attention. Some breakthroughs in plant types are urgently needed and genetic engineering can certainly help. Fertilizer nitrogen has been the key input in augmenting food (both calorie and protein) production in the past and will continue to do so. It is estimated that in future fertilizer nitrogen need will more than double the present consumption. However, fertilizer nitrogen has been blamed for the pollution of environment and groundwater and surface water due to ammonia volatilization, denitrification and leaching. About one-third of the nitrogen applied to field crops is lost due to the processes mentioned above. There is thus an urgent need for controlled-release nitrogen fertilizers for which leads are already available. What is lacking, however, is a sincere effort and adequate funding so that these are available to the poor farmers in developing countries.
机译：改善发展中国家的农业是减轻饥饿的唯一途径。在不损害自然资源和环境的情况下，可用的农业技术将无法应对目前的人口每12-14年增加约10亿口的挑战，必须对其进行适当的修改。在大多数发展中国家，优质种子的供应是一个主要问题。灌溉水和能源的可利用性及其利用效率需要提高。现代农业的主要弊端之一是农药的滥用或滥用。必须尽量减少使用它们，使用天然产物和生物农药控制农作物病虫害的替代方法值得关注。迫切需要在植物类型上取得一些突破，而基因工程无疑可以提供帮助。过去，肥料氮一直是增加食品（卡路里和蛋白质）产量的关键投入，并将继续如此。据估计，未来肥料氮的需求将是目前消费量的两倍以上。然而，由于氨的挥发，反硝化和浸出，肥料氮被指责为对环境以及地下水和地表水的污染。由于上述过程，用于田间作物的氮素损失了约三分之一。因此，迫切需要控释氮肥，其铅已经可以使用。但是，缺乏诚意的努力和充足的资金，以便发展中国家的贫困农民能够获得这些资金。

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