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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Pollination biology of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum).
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Pollination biology of large cardamom (Amomum subulatum).

机译：大豆蔻（亚豆）的授粉生物学。

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摘要

Amomum subulatum Roxb. (family Zingiberaceae) is the large cardamom of commerce cultivated in tropical wet evergreen forests of the Eastern Himalayas of India, Nepal and Bhutan. This study seeks to identify floral visitors and pollinators, examine floral adaptations for pollination and evaluate pollination efficiency. Studies were carried out in two flowering seasons (2005, 2006) in a 6-ha plantation located adjacent to a degraded reserve forest in the Sikkim part of the Himalayas. Only two flower visitor species, a bumble-bee (Bombus haemorrhoidalis Smith) and a honey bee species (Apis cerana F.) were recorded. The bumble-bee was the effective and only pollinator, but A. cerana was the pollen robber. Major flower adaptations for pollination by the bumble-bee are the length of the nectar tube, which is not accessible to short-tongued bees and a narrow passage in the fresh flower between the anther-stigma column and the labellum. The narrow passage forces the bumble-bee to push the anther-stigma column to enter the flower, which brings the body of the bumble-bee in contact with the anther and the stigma, and effects pollination. A. cerana does not come in contact with the stigma during pollen foraging and hence is unable to bring about pollination. Thus, structural features of the flower of A. subulatum differentiate the pollinator and the pollen robber. Pollination efficiency in the plantation was low due to the low population density of wild native pollinator, B. haemorrhoidalis.
机译：砂仁Roxb。 （家庭姜科）是在印度，尼泊尔和不丹东部喜马拉雅山的热带湿性常绿森林中种植的大型商业豆蔻。这项研究旨在确定花的访客和传粉者，检查花对花粉的适应性并评估授粉效率。在喜马拉雅山锡金地区一个退化的储备林附近的6公顷种植园中，在两个开花季节（2005年，2006年）进行了研究。仅记录了两种花访者物种，大黄蜂（Bombus haemorrhoidalis Smith）和蜜蜂物种（Apis cerana F.）。大黄蜂是唯一有效的传粉媒介，而cerana cerana是花粉强盗。大黄蜂授粉的主要花型适应是花蜜管的长度，短舌状蜜蜂无法接近，而花药柱头柱和and之间在鲜花中的狭窄通道是无法接近的。狭窄的通道迫使大黄蜂推动花药-柱头柱进入花，这使大黄蜂的身体与花药和柱头接触，并影响授粉。 cerana cerana在花粉觅食期间不会与柱头接触，因此无法带来授粉。因此，A.subulatum花的结构特征使传粉者和花粉强盗得以区分。由于野生天然授粉媒介B.痔的种群密度低，人工林的授粉效率低。

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