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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Phytoremediation: An emerging crucial issue and its present market trends
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Phytoremediation: An emerging crucial issue and its present market trends

机译：植物修复：一个新出现的关键问题及其当前的市场趋势

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Plants can be used for phytoremediation, that is for pollution abatement and as sentinel organisms (indicators) to measure toxic effect of pollutants or as scavengers of the environment. Aquatic plants have been used as in situ biomonitors. Freshwater microalgae have been the test species in most phytotoxicity tests and in some cases as surrogates for marine species, and microphytic species. Recently the duckweed toxicity test has received much attention. Among the rooted aquatic plants, Myriophyllum spicaticum has been used more frequently than others in pesticide toxicity evaluation. Phytoremediation applications are reaching commercial utility. They include phytoextraction, the accumulation of high concentrations of certain contaminants in plant biomass; the creation of hydraulic barriers or vegetative caps through uptake and transpiration of large amount of water; and rhizofiltration, the removal of contaminants from aqueous waste-stream by absorption onto plant roots. In other applications, the contaminants are degraded or metabolized within the plant (phytotransformation), sometimes coupled with the volatilization into the air from plant biomass (phytovolatization). Contaminants may also be degraded in the soil by the action of secreted plant enzymes (in one form of phytotransformation) or by plant stimulation of microbial biodegradative activity (phytostimulation), or contaminants may be immobilized in the soil by plant exudates or other mechanism (phytostabilization). There are at least two dozen companies in the U.S., Canada and Europe known to have phytoremediation expertise.
机译：植物可以用于植物修复，即减少污染，也可以作为前哨生物（指标）来测量污染物的毒性作用或作为环境的清除剂。水生植物已被用作原位生物监测器。淡水微藻已成为大多数植物毒性测试中的测试物种，在某些情况下，它们是海洋物种和微植物物种的替代物。浮萍毒性试验最近受到了广泛的关注。在生根的水生植物中，Myriophyllum spicaticum在农药毒性评估中的使用频率高于其他植物。植物修复应用正在达到商业用途。其中包括植物提取，植物生物质中高浓度某些污染物的积累;通过吸收和蒸腾大量水来创建水力屏障或营养帽;根际过滤，通过吸收到植物根部从含水废水中去除污染物。在其他应用中，污染物在植物内降解或代谢（植物转化），有时还与植物生物质向空气中的挥发（植物挥发）结合在一起。污染物也可能通过分泌的植物酶的作用（以一种植物转化形式）或通过植物刺激微生物的生物降解活性（植物刺激）而在土壤中降解，或者污染物可以通过植物分泌物或其他机制固定在土壤中（植物稳定化） ）。在美国，加拿大和欧洲，至少有十二家公司拥有植物修复专业知识。

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