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首页> 外文期刊>Current Science: A Fortnightly Journal of Research >Estimates of emission and deposition of reactive nitrogenous species for India
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Estimates of emission and deposition of reactive nitrogenous species for India

机译：印度活性含氮物质的排放和沉积估算

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摘要

Anthropogenic activities are responsible for the enhanced emission of reactive nitrogenous species like nitrous oxide (N sub(2)O), oxides of nitrogen (NO sub(x)) and ammonia (NH sub(3)) into the atmosphere from the biosphere. This article reviews the available estimates of emissions of these reactive nitrogenous species for India. In addition, it reviews the estimates of depositional fluxes of ammonia and nitrate through dry and wet precipitation over India. Agriculture soils are the largest emitter of N sub(2)O in India due to increasing application of nitrogenous fertilizers in agriculture fields. The contributions of other sources like biomass burning and energy activities are rather small in the overall N sub(2)O emissions in India. However, total contribution of Indian agriculture to the global N sub(2)O emissions is merely 2.7%. On the other hand, energy activities are a major source of NO sub(X) emissions in India, which include both mobile and stationary combustion processes. The agriculture sector has a small contribution in the total NO sub(X) emissions in India. The ammonia emissions are primarily contributed from the agriculture sector in India. The depositional fluxes of ammonia have so far been reported to be higher for sub-urban areas while the nitrate depositional fluxes have been reported to be higher over rural areas, which can have significant impacts on the agriculture productivity. However, the present article reveals large uncertainties in all these estimates which need to be addressed through systematic nation-wide studies.
机译：人为活动负责增加反应性含氮物质的排放，例如一氧化二氮（N sub（2）O），氮氧化物（NO sub（x））和氨气（NH sub（3））从生物圈向大气的排放。本文回顾了印度这些活性含氮物质排放的可用估算。此外，它还回顾了印度干，湿降水中氨和硝酸盐的沉积通量估算值。由于氮肥在农业领域的日益增加，农业土壤是印度N sub（2）O的最大排放者。在印度总的N sub（2）O排放中，其他来源（如生物质燃烧和能源活动）的贡献很小。但是，印度农业对全球N sub（2）O排放的总贡献仅为2.7％。另一方面，能源活动是印度NOsub（X）排放的主要来源，包括移动和固定燃烧过程。在印度，农业部门对NO X排放总量的贡献很小。氨的排放主要来自印度的农业部门。迄今为止，据报道在郊区地区氨的沉积通量更高，而据报道农村地区的硝酸盐沉积通量更高，这可能对农业生产率产生重大影响。但是，本文揭示了所有这些估计中的巨大不确定性，需要通过系统的全国性研究来解决。

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