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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in gastroenterology >New molecular approaches in the diagnosis of acute diarrhea: advantages for clinicians and researchers
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New molecular approaches in the diagnosis of acute diarrhea: advantages for clinicians and researchers

机译：诊断急性腹泻的新分子方法：临床医生和研究人员的优势

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Purpose of review To provide an update of the advantages of new-generation molecular diagnostics as regards acute diarrhea, and to evaluate how they can help clinicians and researchers diagnose this condition. Recent findings Thanks to real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques, many enteropathogens can now be identified simultaneously within hours. Most techniques are based on amplification of specific nucleotide sequences. With high-resolution melting analyses, microarrays, and metagenomic analyses, multiple genomic sequences can be evaluated in a single sample; thus, a wide range of enteropathogens can be evaluated in one run. Molecular techniques have elucidated the role of major enteropathogens such as norovirus and bocavirus and their evolving epidemiology. They have revealed novel transmission routes, also in food-borne diarrhea outbreaks, and have opened the way to new therapies and preventive measures, as well as to surveillance of emerging rotavirus strains after vaccine introduction. Summary Molecular approaches are best suited for epidemiologic purposes and for selected clinical conditions such as early identification of treatable agents in at-risk patients, rather than for cases requiring only oral rehydration. In the field of acute diarrhea, the major application of molecular techniques is the identification of novel agents of gastroenteritis and their epidemiology.
机译：综述的目的是提供有关新一代分子诊断在急性腹泻方面的优势的最新信息，并评估其如何帮助临床医生和研究人员诊断这种情况。最新发现借助实时聚合酶链反应技术，现在可以在几个小时内同时识别出许多病原菌。大多数技术基于特定核苷酸序列的扩增。通过高分辨率解链分析，微阵列和宏基因组分析，可以在一个样品中评估多个基因组序列。因此，一次即可评估多种肠病原体。分子技术已经阐明了主要的肠道病原体（如诺如病毒和博卡病毒）的作用及其流行病学的发展。他们揭示了新颖的传播途径，也通过食源性腹泻暴发，并为新疗法和预防措施以及引入疫苗后监测新出现的轮状病毒株开辟了道路。小结分子方法最适合于流行病学目的和选定的临床状况，例如在高危患者中及早发现可治疗的药物，而不是仅需要口服补液的患者。在急性腹泻领域，分子技术的主要应用是鉴定胃肠炎的新病原及其流行病学。

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