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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in gastroenterology >Detection and staging of esophageal cancers.
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Detection and staging of esophageal cancers.

机译：食道癌的检测和分期。

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Technology for detection and staging of esophageal cancer has made significant strides advances in the past 2 years. These advances have led to the enhanced selection of appropriate treatments for esophageal cancer. Cancers that are discovered at an early stage can be treated with endoscopic therapy, whereas advanced cancers are primarily treated with chemotherapy and radiation. RECENT FINDINGS: Detection of esophageal cancer can be enhanced by two major mechanisms: one is by enhancing the lesion, which has typically been done using vital dyes and the other is by changing the method of imaging of the lesion, which has been accomplished by the use of several technologies including fluorescence and optical coherence tomography. Neither of these techniques has been proven, but some investigators have been able to use them to enhance cancer detection. Similar technologies have been applied to staging esophageal cancer. The optical imaging devices also have the potential to stage mucosa-based malignancy. The use of positron emission tomography has been the most recent development that may have application for advanced cancer. Endoscopic ultrasonography has also been improved in resolution and ability to perform fine needle aspiration. The most significant development for staging early cancers is mucosal resection. Finally, by using mucosal resection techniques, the depth of tumor invasion can be established by histology, which allows gastroenterologists to treat early cancers with greater confidence regarding rates of metastatic disease. SUMMARY: Early detection of esophageal cancer can be enhanced by the use of vital dyes for mucosal staining, but the advancement of novel optical diagnostic strategies may be more suitable for clinical use. The primary advantage of these new staging methods is to clearly identify early stage cancer that potentially can be treated without traditional surgical resection techniques. More advanced cancers can be staged with positron emission tomography, but definitive studies demonstrating its role are still lacking.
机译：审查目的：在过去的两年中，食管癌的检测和分期技术取得了长足的进步。这些进展导致食管癌的适当治疗方法的选择增加。早期发现的癌症可以通过内镜治疗，而晚期癌症则主要通过化学疗法和放射治疗。最近的发现：食管癌的检测可以通过两种主要的机制来增强：一种是通过增强病变，这通常是用生命染料完成的，另一种是通过改变病变的成像方法，这是通过使用多种技术，包括荧光和光学相干断层扫描。这些技术都没有被证明，但是一些研究者已经能够使用它们来增强癌症检测。相似的技术已被用于分期食道癌。光学成像设备还具有发展基于粘膜的恶性肿瘤的潜力。正电子发射断层扫描技术的使用是最新的进展，可能已应用于晚期癌症。内窥镜超声检查的分辨率和执行细针抽吸的能力也得到了改善。分期早期癌症最重要的进展是粘膜切除术。最后，通过使用粘膜切除技术，可以通过组织学确定肿瘤浸润的深度，这使肠胃病学家对转移性疾病的发生率具有更大的信心。摘要：通过使用活体染料进行粘膜染色可以增强食道癌的早期检测，但是新型光学诊断策略的发展可能更适合临床使用。这些新的分期方法的主要优点是可以清楚地识别无需传统手术切除技术即可治疗的早期癌症。可以使用正电子发射断层显像术对更晚期的癌症进行分期，但仍缺乏确定其作用的确定性研究。

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