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Red blood cells from induced pluripotent stem cells: hurdles and developments.

机译:来自诱导性多能干细胞的红细胞:障碍和发展。

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摘要

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In the context of chronic blood supply difficulties, generating cultured red blood cells (cRBCs) in vitro after amplification of stem cells makes sense. This review will focus on the recent findings about the generation of erythroid cells from induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and deals with the hurdles and next developments that will occur. RECENT FINDINGS: The most proliferative source of stem cells for generating cRBCs is the cord blood, but this source is limited in terms of hematopoietic stem cells and dependent on donations. Pluripotent stem cells are thus the best candidates and potential sources of cRBCs. Critical advances have led towards the in-vitro production of functional RBCs from iPS cells in the last few years. SUMMARY: Because iPS cells can proliferate indefinitely and can be selected for a phenotype of interest, they are potential candidates to organize complementary sources of RBCs for transfusion. Proof of concept of generating cRBCs from iPS cells has been performed, but the procedures need to be optimized to lead to clinical application in blood transfusion. Several crucial points remain to be resolved. Notably these include the choice of the initial cell type to generate iPS cells, the method of reprogramming, that is, to ensure the safety of iPS cells as clinical grade, the optimization of erythrocyte differentiation, and the definition of good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions for industrial production.
机译:审查的目的:在长期供血困难的情况下,干细胞扩增后在体外产生培养的红细胞(cRBC)是有意义的。这篇综述将集中在有关从诱导多能干(iPS)细胞生成红系细胞的最新发现中,并探讨将要发生的障碍和下一步发展。最近的发现:产生cRBC的干细胞最增殖的来源是脐带血,但是这种来源在造血干细胞方面受到限制,并且依赖于捐赠。因此,多能干细胞是cRBC的最佳候选者和潜在来源。在过去的几年中,关键的进展已导致从iPS细胞体外生产功能性RBC。简介:因为iPS细胞可以无限期增殖,并且可以针对感兴趣的表型进行选择,所以它们是潜在的候选者,可以组织红细胞的补充来源进行输血。已经完成了从iPS细胞生成cRBC的概念验证,但是需要优化程序以在输血中实现临床应用。有几个关键点有待解决。值得注意的是,这些方法包括选择用于生成iPS细胞的初始细胞类型,重新编程的方法(即确保iPS细胞作为临床级别的安全性),优化红细胞分化以及定义良好生产规范(GMP)工业生产的条件。

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