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21st-century hazards of smoking and benefits of cessation in the United States

机译：21世纪灾害在美国停止的戒烟和益处

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BACKGROUND: Extrapolation from studies in the 1980s suggests that smoking causes 25% of deaths among women and men 35 to 69 years of age in the United States. Nationally representative measurements of the current risks of smoking and the benefits of cessation at various ages are unavailable. METHODS: We obtained smoking and smoking-cessation histories from 113,752 women and 88,496 men 25 years of age or older who were interviewed between 1997 and 2004 in the U.S. National Health Interview Survey and related these data to the causes of deaths that occurred by December 31, 2006 (8236 deaths in women and 7479 in men). Hazard ratios for death among current smokers, as compared with those who had never smoked, were adjusted for age, educational level, adiposity, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: For participants who were 25 to 79 years of age, the rate of death from any cause among current smokers was about three times that among those who had never smoked (hazard ratio for women, 3.0; 99% confidence interval [CI], 2.7 to 3.3; hazard ratio for men, 2.8; 99% CI, 2.4 to 3.1). Most of the excess mortality among smokers was due to neoplastic, vascular, respiratory, and other diseases that can be caused by smoking. The probability of surviving from 25 to 79 years of age was about twice as great in those who had never smoked as in current smokers (70% vs. 38% among women and 61% vs. 26% among men). Life expectancy was shortened by more than 10 years among the current smokers, as compared with those who had never smoked. Adults who had quit smoking at 25 to 34, 35 to 44, or 45 to 54 years of age gained about 10, 9, and 6 years of life, respectively, as compared with those who continued to smoke. CONCLUSIONS: Smokers lose at least one decade of life expectancy, as compared with those who have never smoked. Cessation before the age of 40 years reduces the risk of death associated with continued smoking by about 90%.
机译：背景：20世纪80年代的研究外推表明，吸烟导致美国和男性的25％的死亡人员35至69岁。目前吸烟风险的全国代表性测量和各种年龄停止的益处是不可用的。方法：我们在1997年至2004年间在美国国家卫生面试调查中获得了113,752名妇女和25岁或以上的88,496名男子的吸烟和吸烟历史，并在美国国家卫生面试调查中接受了接受采访，并将这些数据相关联于12月31日发生的死亡事件，2006年（女性和7479人死亡8236人）。与从未吸烟的人相比，当前吸烟者死亡的危险比率被调整为年龄，教育水平，肥胖和酗酒。结果：对于年龄25至79岁的参与者，目前吸烟者中任何事业的死亡率大约是从未吸烟的三倍（女性危害比例为3.0; 99％的置信区间[CI]， 2.7至3.3;男性的危险比，2.8; 99％CI，2.4至3.1）。吸烟者之间的大多数过多的死亡率是由于肿瘤，血管，呼吸道和可能由吸烟引起的其他疾病。从25至79岁以上幸存的可能性大约是当前吸烟者中从未吸烟的两倍（70％与妇女之间的70％和61％的男性）。与从未吸烟的人相比，当前吸烟者在目前的吸烟者中缩短了预期寿命。与那些继续吸烟的人相比，已经在25至34,35至44岁或45至54岁上戒烟的成年人戒烟了约10分，9岁，5岁。结论：吸烟者失去了至少一十年的预期寿命，与那些从未吸烟过的人相比。在40岁之前停止降低与持续吸烟有关的死亡风险约为90％。

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    JhaP.; RamasundarahettigeC.; LandsmanV.; RostronB.; ThunM.; AndersonR.N.; McAfeeT.; PetoR.;

  • 作者单位

    Center for Global Health Research Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto;

    Center for Global Health Research Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto;

    Center for Global Health Research Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto;

    Food and Drug Administration Rockville MD United States;

    American Cancer Society Atlanta United States;

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hyattsville MD United States;

    Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta United States;

    Clinical Trial and Epidemiology Services Unit University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom;

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