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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in lipidology >Atherosclerosis risk factors can impose aberrant DNA methylation patterns: a tale of traffic and homocysteine.
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Atherosclerosis risk factors can impose aberrant DNA methylation patterns: a tale of traffic and homocysteine.

机译：动脉粥样硬化的危险因素可以施加异常的DNA甲基化模式：交通和高半胱氨酸的故事。

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摘要

The interest in epigenetics is quickly growing among biomedical scientists, particularly those who study multi-factorial, diet-related and environment-related disease such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other metabolic disorders [1]. The reason for epigenetics' increasing popularity is that it can in principle explain mechanisms for pathological gene expression patterns. Transcription can be regulated in a generally irreversible and highly heritable fashion by genetic mechanisms such as mutations or polymorphisms. Epigenetics, on the other hand, explains how transcription of a given gene can be affected by the structure of the chromatin embedding the regulatory sequences of that gene. In general, a compact chromatin structure is not transcription permissive, whereas a relaxed one encompasses potentially transcribed genes [2]. DNA methylation, in addition to complex posttranslational modifications of histones, is a molecular landmark of different chromatin structures: compact chromatin is generally rich in hypermethylated DNA, whereas relaxed chromatin DNA is often hypo-methylated or unmethylated. DNA methylation at a given locus changes dynamically during development and cell differentiation, although a degree of fidelity guarantees that DNA methylation patterns and consequently a chromatin-based transcriptional status is stably inherited during cell proliferation [3]. DNA methylation stability can also be hampered by stochastic variation or selected extrinsic stimuli [4].
机译：在生物医学科学家中，对表观遗传学的兴趣正在迅速增长，特别是那些研究多因素，饮食相关和环境相关疾病（例如心血管疾病（CVD）和其他代谢性疾病）的科学家[1]。表观遗传学越来越受欢迎的原因是，它原则上可以解释病理基因表达模式的机制。可以通过诸如突变或多态性之类的遗传机制以通常不可逆和高度可遗传的方式调节转录。另一方面，表观遗传学解释了给定基因的转录如何受到嵌入该基因调控序列的染色质结构的影响。通常，紧凑的染色质结构不允许转录，而宽松的结构则包含可能转录的基因[2]。除了组蛋白的复杂的翻译后修饰外，DNA甲基化是不同染色质结构的分子标志：紧密染色质通常富含高甲基化DNA，而松弛染色质DNA通常是低甲基化或未甲基化的。尽管一定程度的保真度可确保在细胞增殖期间稳定地继承DNA甲基化模式，进而保证基于染色质的转录状态，但特定位置的DNA甲基化在发育和细胞分化过程中会动态变化[3]。 DNA甲基化的稳定性也可能受到随机变化或选择的外部刺激的影响[4]。

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