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How do microRNAs affect vascular smooth muscle cell biology?

机译:microRNA如何影响血管平滑肌细胞生物学?

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Control of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype is essential in the development and maintenance of a healthy vasculature. Acquisition of a synthetic, proproliferative phenotype by VSMCs following vascular insult is central to neointimal formation and the development of vascular pathology. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are relatively recently discovered negative regulators of gene expression and act at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs have the potential to control VSMC phenotype. In this review, we discuss the recent findings on how miRNAs influence VSMC biology and acute vascular pathology. RECENT FINDINGS: MiRNAs play an important role in the gene regulation by growth factors and downstream transcription factors involved in VSMC phenotypic control and deregulation. Recent studies have revealed miRNAs that are involved in VSMC regulation and further identified several target genes which are implicated in VSMC pathobiology, highlighting new disease mechanisms. Paracrine miRNA-regulated crosstalk between endothelial and VSMCs has also been demonstrated, revealing a novel mechanism through which vascular cells communicate in health and disease. SUMMARY: MiRNAs appear to play a major role in the capability of VSMCs to phenotypically switch from a contractile to a synthetic state. Altering miRNA expression levels can prevent and even reverse the acquisition of VSMC synthetic phenotype in vivo and reduce neointimal formation, thereby implicating miRNAs as exciting future therapeutic targets for vascular proliferative disease.
机译:审查目的:控制血管平滑肌细胞(VSMC)表型对于健康脉管系统的发育和维持至关重要。血管损伤后VSMCs获得合成的增生表型是新内膜形成和血管病理学发展的关键。 MicroRNA(miRNA)是最近发现的基因表达的负调控因子,并在转录后水平发挥作用。 MiRNA具有控制VSMC表型的潜力。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了关于miRNA如何影响VSMC生物学和急性血管病理的最新发现。最近的发现:MiRNA在涉及VSMC表型控制和放松的生长因子和下游转录因子的基因调控中起着重要作用。最近的研究揭示了参与VSMC调控的miRNA,并进一步鉴定了与VSMC病理生物学有关的几个靶基因,突出了新的疾病机制。还已经证实了旁分泌miRNA调节的内皮细胞与VSMC之间的串扰,揭示了一种新的机制,通过这种机制,血管细胞可以在健康和疾病中进行交流。简介:MiRNA在VSMC从表型转变为合成态的能力中起主要作用。改变miRNA的表达水平可以预防甚至逆转体内VSMC合成表型的获得并减少新内膜形成,从而使miRNA成为血管增生性疾病激动人心的未来治疗靶点。

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