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Altered antigen-presenting cells during HIV-1 infection

机译：HIV-1感染期间抗原呈递细胞发生改变

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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this study is to describe the alterations that HIV-1 induces in antigen-presenting cells (APCs), in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. RECENT FINDINGS: HIV-1 disarms several arms of the immune system including APCs. We summarize here recent findings on the impact of the virus on APC. SUMMARY: HIV-1 can invade APC and overall reduce their capacity to present antigens effectively, mostly by reducing their numbers and inducing permanent hyperactivation. This occurs via a combination of alterations; however, the host can counteract, at least in part, some of these defects via restriction factors, autophagy, the production of type I interferon, antiviral cytokines, among others. However, these specific mechanisms of viral evasion from APCs' control lead to a chronic hyperactivation of the immune system implicated in AIDS-related and non-AIDS related pathogenesis. Unfortunately, the current regimens of antiretroviral therapy are unable to dampen sufficiently APC-driven viral-induced immune hyperactivation. Understanding how HIV alters APC will help to tune appropriately both intrinsic immunity and innate immunity, as well as achieve efficient antigen presentation to the adaptive immune system, without inducing a detrimental pervasive hyperactivation of the immune system.
机译：审查目的：本研究的目的是描述HIV-1在体外，离体和体内在抗原呈递细胞（APC）中诱导的改变。最近的发现：HIV-1解除了包括APC在内的免疫系统的多个武器。我们在这里总结有关病毒对APC影响的最新发现。简介：HIV-1可以侵入APC并总体上降低其有效呈递抗原的能力，主要是通过减少其数量并诱导永久性过度活化。这是通过变更的组合而发生的。然而，宿主可以通过限制因素，自噬，I型干扰素的产生，抗病毒细胞因子等至少部分地抵消这些缺陷中的一些。但是，这些从APC控制中逃避病毒的特定机制导致免疫系统的慢性过度激活，这与AIDS相关和非AIDS相关发病机制有关。不幸的是，当前的抗逆转录病毒疗法不能充分抑制APC驱动的病毒诱导的免疫过度活化。了解艾滋病毒如何改变APC将有助于适当地调节内在免疫和先天免疫，并实现对适应性免疫系统的有效抗原呈递，而不会引起免疫系统有害的普遍过度活化。

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