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首页> 外文期刊>Current opinion in lipidology >Choline metabolites: gene by diet interactions
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Choline metabolites: gene by diet interactions

机译：胆碱代谢物：通过饮食相互作用产生基因

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Purpose of reviewThe review highlights recent advances in our understanding of the interactions between genetic polymorphisms in genes that metabolize choline and the dietary requirements of choline and how these interactions relate to human health and disease.Recent findingsThe importance of choline as an essential nutrient has been well established, but our appreciation of the interaction between our underlying genetic architecture and dietary choline requirements is only beginning. It has been shown in both human and animal studies that choline deficiencies contribute to diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and various neurodegenerative diseases. An adequate supply of dietary choline is important for optimum development, highlighted by the increased maternal requirements during fetal development and in breast-fed infants. We discuss recent studies investigating variants in PEMT and MTHFR1 that are associated with a variety of birth defects. In addition to genetic interactions, we discuss several recent studies that uncover changes in fetal global methylation patterns in response to maternal dietary choline intake that result in changes in gene expression in the offspring. In contrast to the developmental role of adequate choline, there is now an appreciation of the role choline has in cardiovascular disease through the gut microbiota-mediated metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide. This pathway highlights some of our understanding of how the microbiome affects nutrient processing and bioavailability. Finally, to better characterize the genetic architecture regulating choline requirements, we discuss recent results focused on identifying polymorphisms that regulate choline and its derivative products.SummaryHere we discuss recent studies that have advanced our understanding of how specific alleles in key choline metabolism genes are related to dietary choline requirements and human disease.
机译：审查的目的审查强调了我们对代谢胆碱的基因的遗传多态性与胆碱的饮食需求之间的相互作用以及这些相互作用如何与人类健康和疾病之间的理解的最新进展。已经建立，但是我们对我们的基础遗传结构和饮食中胆碱需求之间相互作用的认识才刚刚开始。在人类和动物研究中均已显示胆碱缺乏会导致疾病，例如非酒精性脂肪肝疾病和各种神经退行性疾病。膳食胆碱的充足供应对于最佳发育很重要，胎儿发育和母乳喂养的婴儿对母亲的需求增加突显了这一点。我们讨论了研究PEMT和MTHFR1中与多种先天缺陷相关的变异的最新研究。除了遗传相互作用外，我们还将讨论一些最近的研究，这些研究揭示了响应母体饮食胆碱摄入而导致胎儿后代基因表达发生变化的胎儿总体甲基化模式的变化。与适当的胆碱的发展作用相反，现在人们通过肠道菌群介导的代谢产物三甲胺N-氧化物了解了胆碱在心血管疾病中的作用。该途径突显了我们对微生物组如何影响营养物质加工和生物利用度的一些理解。最后，为了更好地表征调节胆碱需求的遗传结构，我们讨论了最近的结果，重点是确定调节胆碱及其衍生物的多态性。总结这里，我们讨论了最近的一些研究，这些研究使我们进一步了解了关键胆碱代谢基因中的特定等位基因与饮食中胆碱的需求和人类疾病。

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