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Estimating the protection afforded by foot-and-mouth disease vaccines in the laboratory

机译：估算实验室中口蹄疫疫苗提供的保护

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摘要

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines must be carefully selected and their application closely monitored to optimise their effectiveness. This review covers serological techniques for FMD vaccine quality control, including potency testing, vaccine matching and post-vaccination monitoring. It also discusses alternative laboratory procedures, such as antigen quantification and nucleotide sequencing, and briefly compares the approaches for FMD with those for measuring protection against influenza virus, where humoral immunity is also important. Serology is widely used to predict the protection afforded by vaccines and has great practical utility but also limitations. Animals differ in their responses to vaccines and in the protective mechanisms that they develop. Antibodies have a variety of properties and tests differ in what they measure. Antibody-virus interactions may vary between virus serotypes and strains and protection may be affected by the vaccination regime and the nature and timing of field virus challenge. Finally, tests employing biological reagents are difficult to standardise, whilst cross-protection data needed for test calibration and validation are scarce. All of this is difficult to reconcile with the desire for simple and universal criteria and thresholds for evaluating vaccines and vaccination responses and means that oversimplification of test procedures and their interpretation can lead to poor predictions. A holistic approach is therefore recommended, considering multiple sources of field, experimental and laboratory data. New antibody avidity and isotype tests seem promising alternatives to evaluate cross-protective, post-vaccination serological responses, taking account of vaccine potency as well as match. After choosing appropriate serological tests or test combinations and cut-offs, results should be interpreted cautiously and in context. Since opportunities for experimental challenge studies of cross-protection are limited and the approaches incompletely reflect real life, more field studies are needed to quantify cross-protection and its correlation to in vitro measurements. (C) 2019 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：必须仔细选择脚口病（FMD）疫苗，并密切监测其应用以优化其效率。本综述涵盖了用于FMD疫苗质量控制的血清学技术，包括效力测试，疫苗匹配和疫苗接种后监测。它还讨论了替代实验室程序，例如抗原定量和核苷酸测序，并简要比较了FMD的方法，其中具有测量对流感病毒的保护，其中体液免疫也很重要。血清学广泛用于预测疫苗提供的保护，并且具有很大的实用效用，但也有限制。动物对疫苗的反应和他们发展的保护机制不同。抗体具有各种性质，并在测量的情况下进行测试。抗体 - 病毒相互作用可能因病毒血清型和菌株和保护可能受到疫苗接种制度的影响和现场病毒挑战的性质和时序之间的影响。最后，采用生物试剂的试验难以标准化，而测试校准和验证所需的交叉保护数据是稀缺的。所有这一切难以调和对评估疫苗和疫苗接种反应的简单和通用标准和阈值的渴望，并意味着考试程序的过度简化和其解释可能导致预测差。因此，考虑到多种领域，实验和实验室数据来源，建议进行整体方法。新的抗体亲密和同种型试验似乎有望评估交叉保护，接种后血清学反应，考虑疫苗效力以及匹配。选择适当的血清学测试或测试组合和截止后，结果应谨慎地解释并在上下文中解释。由于对外保护的实验挑战研究的机会有限，并且不完全反映现实生活的方法，需要更多的现场研究来量化交叉保护及其与体外测量的相关性。 （c）2019年由elestvier有限公司发布

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  • 来源
    《Vaccine》 |2019年第37期|共10页
  • 作者

    Paton D. J.; Reeve R.; Capozzo A. V.; Ludi A.;

  • 作者单位

    Pirbright Inst Ash Rd Surrey GU24 0NF England;

    Univ Glasgow Boyd Orr Ctr Populat &

    Ecosystem Hlth Inst Biodivers Anim Hlth &

    Comparat Med Coll Med Vet &

    Life Sci Glasgow G12 8QQ Lanark Scotland;

    INTA CICVyA Inst Virol N Repetto &

    Reseros S-N RA-1686 Hurlingham Buenos Aires Argentina;

    Pirbright Inst Ash Rd Surrey GU24 0NF England;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 医学免疫学;
  • 关键词

    FMD; Vaccine; Selection; Serology; Protection; Quality control;

    机译：FMD;疫苗;选择;血清学;保护;质量控制;

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