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首页> 外文期刊>Dalton transactions: An international journal of inorganic chemistry >Upconversion in photodynamic therapy: plumbing the depths
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Upconversion in photodynamic therapy: plumbing the depths

机译：光动力疗法上升率：水暖深度

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the combination of non-toxic dyes called photosensitizers (PS) and harmless visible light that interact with ambient oxygen to give reactive oxygen species (ROS) that can damage biomolecules and kill cells. PDT has mostly been developed as a cancer therapy but can also be used as an antimicrobial approach against localized infections. However even the longest wavelength used for exciting PS (in the 700 nm region) has relatively poor tissue penetration, and many PS are much better excited by blue and green light. Therefore upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have been investigated in order to allow deeper-penetrating near-infrared light (980 nm or 810 nm) to be used for PDT. NaYF4 nanoparticles doped with Yb3+ and Er3+ or with Tm3+ and Er3+ have been attached to PS either by covalent conjugation, or by absorption to the coating or shell (used to render the UCNPs biocompatible). Forster resonance energy transfer to the PS then allows NIR light energy to be transduced into ROS leading to cell killing and tumor regression. Some studies have experimentally demonstrated the deep tissue advantage of UCNP-PDT. Recent advances have included dye-sensitized UCNPs and UCNPs coupled to PS, and other potentially synergistic drug molecules or techniques. A variety of bioimaging modalities have also been combined with upconversion PDT. Further studies are necessary to optimize the drug-delivery abilities of the UCNPs, improve the quantum yields, allow intravenous injection and tumor targeting, and ensure lack of toxicity at the required doses before potential clinical applications.
机译：光动力治疗（PDT）涉及称为光敏剂（PS）和无害的可见光的组合，与环境氧相互作用，得到可能损坏生物分子和杀灭细胞的反应性氧物质（ROS）。 PDT主要被开发为癌症疗法，但也可以用作针对局部感染的抗微生物方法。然而，即使是用于激发PS的最长波长（在700nm区域中）的组织渗透相对较差，并且许多PS通过蓝色和绿灯更好地激发。因此，已经研究了上转化纳米颗粒（UCNP）以允许更深穿透近红外光（980nm或810nm）以用于PDT。 NayF4纳米颗粒掺杂有Yb3 +和Er3 +或具有Tm3 +和Er3 +，通过共价缀合，或通过吸收到涂层或壳体（用于使UCNPS生物相容性）的吸收附着。 Forster共振能量转移到PS，然后允许将NIR光能转导，导致细胞杀死和肿瘤回归。一些研究已经通过实验证明了UCNP-PDT的深层组织优势。最近的进展包括染料敏化的UCNP和UCNP，耦合到PS和其他可能协同药物分子或技术。各种生物体模式也与上转换PDT相结合。进一步的研究是为了优化UCNP的药物输送能力，提高量子产率，允许静脉注射和肿瘤靶向，并在潜在的临床应用之前确保在所需剂量下缺乏毒性。

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