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Impaired Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormones Is Associated With Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

机译:对甲状腺激素的敏感性受损与糖尿病和代谢综合征有关

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摘要

OBJECTIVEDiabetes prevalence and incidence increase among individuals with hypothyroidism but also among those with hyperthyroxinemia, which seems contradictory. Both high free thyroxine (fT4) and high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) are present in the resistance to thyroid hormone syndrome. A mild acquired resistance to thyroid hormone might occur in the general population and be associated with diabetes. We aimed to analyze the association of resistance to thyroid hormone indices (the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index [TFQI], proposed in this work, and the previously used Thyrotroph T4 Resistance Index and TSH Index) with diabetes.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe calculated the aforementioned resistance to thyroid hormone indices based on a U.S. representative sample of 5,129 individuals 20 years of age participating in the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Also, to approximate TFQI, a U.S.-referenced Parametric TFQI (PTFQI) can be calculated with the spreadsheet formula =NORM.DIST(fT4_cell_in_pmol_per_L,10.075,2.155,TRUE)+NORM.DIST(LN(TSH_cell_in_mIU_per_L),0.4654,0.7744,TRUE)-1. Outcomes of interest were glycohemoglobin 6.5%, diabetes medication, diabetes-related deaths (diabetes as contributing cause of death), and additionally, in a fasting subsample, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Logistic and Poisson regressions were adjusted for sex, age, and race/ethnicity.RESULTSOdd ratios for the fourth versus the first quartile of TFQI were 1.73 (95% CI 1.32, 2.27) (P-trend = 0.002) for positive glycohemoglobin and 1.66 (95% CI 1.31, 2.10) (P-trend = 0.001) for medication. Diabetes-related death rate ratio for TFQI being above versus below the median was 4.81 (95% CI 1.01, 22.94) (P-trend = 0.015). Further adjustment for BMI and restriction to normothyroid individuals yielded similar results. Per 1 SD in TFQI, odds increased 1.13 (95% CI 1.02, 1.25) for diabetes and 1.16 (95% CI 1.02, 1.31) for metabolic syndrome. The other resistance to thyroid hormone indices showed similar associations for diabetes-related deaths and metabolic syndrome.CONCLUSIONSHigher values in resistance to thyroid hormone indices are associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and diabetes-related mortality. Resistance to thyroid hormone may reflect energy balance problems driving type 2 diabetes. These indices may facilitate monitoring treatments focused on energy balance.
机译:甲状腺功能亢进症的个体患病率和发病率增加,但似乎患有甲状腺血症的患者,这似乎是矛盾的。高自由甲状腺素(FT4)和高甲状腺刺激激素(TSH)存在于对甲状腺激素综合征的抗性中。一般人群中可能发生对甲状腺激素的温和获得的抗性,并与糖尿病相关。我们旨在分析耐甲状腺激素指数的抗性关联(本作工作中提出的基于甲状腺反馈量级的指数[TFQI],以及先前使用的替代术T4阻力指数和TSH指数)。搜索设计和方法计算了上述抗甲状腺激素指数基于美国20岁的美国代表性样本参加2007 - 2008年国家卫生和营养考试调查(NHANES)。此外,为了近似TFQI,可以使用电子表格公式= NORM.DIST(FT4_CELL_IN_PMOL_PL,10.075,2.155,TRUE)+ NOMA.DIST(LN(TSH_CELL_IN_MIU_PER_L),0.4654,0.7744,TRUE,TRUE的第一个参数(FT4_CELL_IN_PMOL_L,0.4654,0.7744)来计算US参考参数TFQI(PTFQI)。 )-1。感兴趣的结果是甘油杂蛋白6.5%,糖尿病药物,糖尿病相关的死亡(糖尿病作为促进死因的糖尿病),另外,在禁食中,糖尿病和代谢综合征。对性别,年龄和种族/种族进行调整物流和泊松回归。第四个与TFQI的第四个四分位数的培养比率为1.73(95%CI 1.32,2.27)(p-trend = 0.002),用于阳性甘油蛋白和1.66(用于药物的95%CI 1.31,2.10)(p趋势= 0.001)。与中位数低于中位数的TFQI的糖尿病相关死亡率比为4.81(95%CI 1.01,22.94)(P-Trend = 0.015)。对BMI的进一步调整和对奈米噻噻噻虫醛单独的限制产生类似的结果。每1 SD在TFQI中,糖尿病的赔率增加1.13(95%CI 1.02,1.25),用于代谢综合征的1.16(95%CI 1.02,1.31)。对甲状腺激素索引的其他抗性显示出与糖尿病相关的死亡和代谢综合征类似的缔合品。抗甲状腺激素指数的抗性与肥胖,代谢综合征,糖尿病和糖尿病有关的死亡率相关。对甲状腺激素的抗性可能反映推动2型糖尿病的能量平衡问题。这些指数可以促进监测关注能量平衡的治疗。

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