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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Animal Science >ASAS-SSR Triennial Reproduction Symposium: The use of natural cycle's follicular dynamic to improve oocyte quality in dairy cows and heifers
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ASAS-SSR Triennial Reproduction Symposium: The use of natural cycle's follicular dynamic to improve oocyte quality in dairy cows and heifers

机译：ASAS-SSR三年期繁殖研讨会：使用自然循环的卵泡动态，从奶牛和小母牛中提高卵母细胞质量

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The selection of the best dairy heifers is mainly driven by the genetic value of their parents. The phenotype analysis of cows and of the daughters of bulls has been used to identify the best genetic value for decades before being replaced by genomic selection of individuals that are not yet parents. Because it is possible to predict the future value of an individual by its genetic makeup, it becomes feasible to do it as early as the blastocyst stage and to decide which should be transferred or not. Because we know the genotype of an animal at birth, or even before, it is becoming desirable to reproduce this animal as soon as possible to reduce generation interval and improve selection speed. Nature provides constraints that can be overcome: a single oocyte per cycle and age at puberty. Indeed, it is now possible to super-stimulate the ovary at any age and to start collecting oocytes at 6 mo by trans-vaginal ultrasonography. The challenge becomes the production of good eggs and embryos capable of implanting and developing into healthy calves. Our understanding of ovarian follicular physiology has been instrumental in designing stimulation protocols that may be adjusted to any physiological context including age, and even the individual animal, to obtain a good response. Therefore, the combination of procedures developed in cows to optimize oocyte quality, for example, FSH coasting, in association with in vitro fertilization and optimal culture conditions can now result in the production of several female embryos twice a month from animals 6 to 12 mo of age. The transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses of embryos produced from the same females at different ages were compared and few differences were noted in particular in relation to embryo metabolism. These embryos are as good as the ones obtained from adult animals and can be produced with sexed sperm of bulls 12 mo of age. This combination of these technical optimizations with blastocyst genotyping allows the selection of a second generation within a year.
机译：最好的乳制品小母牛的选择主要由父母的遗传价值驱动。奶牛和公牛女儿的表型分析已被用来识别最佳遗传价值，几十年来之前被尚未父母的个体的基因组选择。因为可以通过其遗传构成预测个体的未来值，因为早期作为胚泡阶段这样做并且决定应该转移或不进行转移的可行性。因为我们在出生时知道动物的基因型，甚至之前，它应该尽快再现这种动物，以减少生成间隔并提高选择速度。自然提供了可以克服的约束：每周期和青春期的年龄的卵母细胞。实际上，现在可以在任何年龄上超级刺激卵巢，并通过跨阴道超声检查开始在6Mo处收集卵母细胞。挑战成为能够植入健康牛犊的良好卵和胚胎的生产。我们对卵巢卵泡生理学的理解已经有助于设计刺激方案，该协议可能被调整为包括年龄，甚至单个动物的任何生理环境，以获得良好的反应。因此，在奶牛中开发的程序组合以优化卵母细胞质量，例如，与体外施肥和最佳培养条件相关联的FSH惯例可以导致从动物6到12莫的动物每月生产两次雌性胚胎年龄。比较了从不同年龄的相同女性产生的胚胎的转录组和表观遗传分析，特别是与胚胎代谢有关的差异很少。这些胚胎与成人动物中获得的胚胎一样好，可以用2月12日的公牛群体的性精子生产。这种具有胚泡基因分型的这些技术优化的组合允许在一年内选择第二代。

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