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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, D. Atmospheres: JGR >Aerosol and Urban Land Use Effect on Rainfall Around Cities in Indo-Gangetic Basin From Observations and Cloud Resolving Model Simulations
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Aerosol and Urban Land Use Effect on Rainfall Around Cities in Indo-Gangetic Basin From Observations and Cloud Resolving Model Simulations

机译：从观测和云解决模型模拟的印度难难盆地城市围绕城市降雨的烟雾和城市土地利用影响

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Coupling of urban land use land cover (LULC) and aerosol loading on rainfall around cities in the Gangetic Basin (GB) is examined here. Long-term observations illustrate more rainfall at urban core and climatological downwind regions compared to the upwind regions of Kanpur, a metropolitan area located in central GB. In addition, analysis of a 15 day cloud resolving simulation using the Weather Research and Forecasting model also illustrated similar rainfall pattern around other major cities in the GB. Interestingly, the enhancement of downwind rainfall was greater than that over urban regions, and it was positively associated with both the urban area of the city and ambient aerosol loading during the propagating storm. Further, to gain a process-level understanding, a typical storm that propagated northwestward across Kanpur was simulated using Weather Research and Forecasting under three different scenarios. Case 1 has realistic LULC representation of Kanpur, while the grids representing the Kanpur urban region were replaced by cropland LULC pattern in Case 2. Comparison illustrated that urban heat island effect caused convergence of winds and moisture in the lower troposphere, which enhances convection over urban region and induced more rainfall over the urban core compared to upwind regions. Case 3 is similar to Case 1 but lower aerosol concentration (by a factor of 100) over the storm region. Analysis shows that aerosol-induced microphysical changes delay the initiation of warm rain (over the upwind region) but enhance ice phase particle formation in latter stages (over the urban and downwind regions) resulting in increase in downwind rainfall.
机译：在此检查城市土地利用陆地覆盖（LULC）和气溶胶加载到难胆盆地（GB）周围的降雨量。与位于中国中心地区的大都市地区，长期观测相比，城市核心和气候下行地区的降雨量更加降雨。此外，使用天气研究和预测模型分析15天云解决模拟，还说明了GB中其他主要城市的类似降雨模式。有趣的是，向下风雨降雨的增强大于城市地区，与城市城市地区和环境气溶胶载荷的繁殖风暴中的城市地区呈正相关。此外，为了获得过程级别了解，在三种不同场景下使用天气研究和预测，模拟了横跨坎普尔在坎普尔跨越坎普尔传播的典型风暴。案例1具有坎普尔的现实Lulc代表，而代表坎保市区的网格被农田Lulc图案所取代，以防案例2.比较所示，城市热岛效应引起了较低对流层较低的潮流和水分的收敛性，从而增强了城市对流与Upwind地区相比，地区和城市核心的降雨量更多。壳体3类似于风暴区域的壳体1，但较低的气溶胶浓度（通过100倍）。分析表明，气溶胶诱导的微药物改变延迟了温雨（在上冲积区域）的启动，而是在后一级（在城市和向下区域）中增强冰相粒子形成，导致下行降雨量增加。

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