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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research, D. Atmospheres: JGR >Multiyear Composite View of Ozone Enhancements and Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport in Dry Intrusions of Northern Hemisphere Extratropical Cyclones
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Multiyear Composite View of Ozone Enhancements and Stratosphere-to-Troposphere Transport in Dry Intrusions of Northern Hemisphere Extratropical Cyclones

机译：臭氧增强的多元复合视图和北半球北半球干燥入侵的平流层 - 对流层运输

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摘要

We examine the role of extratropical cyclones in stratosphere-to-troposphere (STT) exchange with cyclone-centric composites of O_3 retrievals from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and the Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES), contrasting them to composites obtained with the Modern-Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA and MERRA-2) reanalyses and the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model. We identify 15,978 extratropical cyclones in the northern hemisphere (NH) for 2005–2012. The lowermost stratosphere (261 hPa) and middle troposphere (424 hPa) composites feature a 1,000 km wide O_3 enhancement in the dry intrusion (DI) airstream to the southwest of the cyclone center, coinciding with a lowered tropopause, enhanced potential vorticity, and decreased H_2O. MLS composites at 261 hPa show that the DI O_3 enhancements reach a 210 ppbv maximum in April. At 424 hPa, TES composites display maximum O_3 enhancements of 27 ppbv in May. The magnitude and seasonality of these enhancements are captured by MERRA and MERRA-2, but GEOS-Chem is a factor of 2 too low. The MERRA-2 composites show that the O_3-rich DI forms a vertically aligned structure between 300 and 800 hPa, wrapping cyclonically with the warm conveyor belt. In winter and spring DIs, O_3 is enhanced by 100 ppbv or 100–130% at 300 hPa, with significant enhancements below 500 hPa (6–20 ppbv or 15–30%). We estimate that extratropical cyclones result in a STT flux of 119 ± 56 Tg O_3 yr~(-1), accounting for 42 ± 20% of the NH extratropical O_3 STT flux. The STT flux in cyclones displays a strong dependence on westerly 300 hPa wind speeds.
机译：我们使用从微波肢体发声器（MLS）和对流层发射光谱仪（TES）的旋转旋转层 - 对流层（STT）交换中以旋转旋转层 - 对流层（STT）交换的作用，对比，将它们与现代的复合材料形成鲜明对比-era回溯 - 研究和应用（Merra和Merra-2）Reanalyses和Geos-Chem化学传输模型的分析。我们在2005 - 2012年识别北半球（NH）中的15,978个以978个潜水旋风。最下面的平流层（261 HPA）和中间对流层（424 HPA）复合材料具有1,000公里的宽o_3，在旋风中心的西南部的干扰（di）气流中提高了1,000公里的o_3增强，与降低的对卓博士相吻合，增强了潜在的涡流，减少了h_2o。 MLS复合材料在261 HPA，显示DI O_3增强功能在4月份最多达到210ppbv。在424 HPA，TES复合材料显示最大O_3 5月27 PPBV的增强功能。这些增强功能的幅度和季节性由Merra和Merra-2捕获，但Geos-Chem是2的2倍。 Merra-2复合材料表明，富含O_3的DI在300至800 HPA之间形成垂直对准的结构，用温暖的传送带齐通地缠绕。在冬季和春季DIS中，O_3在300 HPA的100ppbv或100-130％上增强，具有明显的增强500hpa（6-20ppbv或15-30％）。我们估计以119±56 Tg O_3 YR〜（-1）的STT通量达到STT通量，占NH以外型O_3 STT通量的42±20％。旋风中的STT通量显示出对西风300 HPA风速的强烈依赖。

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