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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Geophysical Research. Biogeosciences >Leaf Wax δD and δ~(13)C in Soils Record Hydrological and Environmental Information Across a Climatic Gradient in Israel
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Leaf Wax δD and δ~(13)C in Soils Record Hydrological and Environmental Information Across a Climatic Gradient in Israel

机译：土壤中的叶蜡ΔD和δ〜（13）C在以色列气候梯度上记录水文和环境信息

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摘要

The hydrogen (δDwax) and carbon (δ~(13)Cwax) isotope compositions of long-chain alkanes derived from plant waxes record hydrological and environmental conditions. However, the integration of plant n-alkanes into the sedimentary cycle, the variability of δDwax and δ~(13)Cwax in soils, and the paleoclimate applicability in paleosols and archaeological sediments are poorly constrained. We sampled plants and soils across a steep climate transect in Israel to understand how plant type and environmental parameters shape δ~(13)Cwax and δDwax. This transect has three advantages: existence of long-term precipitation isotopic composition (δDr) records, a single wet season potentially reduces variability due to seasonality, and abandoned Byzantine period (~300-600 AD) agricultural terraces that reduce modern and ancient soil mixing and provide age constraints. We find that soil δ~(13)Cwax is constant (0.4‰, 1σ) across a 500-to 1,300-mm/year rainfall gradient and appears insensitive to rainfall amount, unlike bulk plant δ~(13)C. The absence of a rainfall effect suggests that δ~(13)Cwax may be better suited to reconstructing C_3/C_4 plant ratios than bulk δ~(13)C. Homologue average soil δDwax significantly correlate with δDr, and the offset between δDr and soil δDwax (εapp) correlates with growing season relative humidity. The seasonality of leaf production accounted for at most ~10% of total plant δDwax variability. Lastly, soil δDwax and δ~(13)Cwax variability is reduced by ~80% relative to plant δDwax and δ~(13)Cwax variability. Our results show that soil δDwax and δ~(13)Cwax faithfully record δDr and landscape C3-C4 plant contributions and thus support the utility of these proxy data in paleosols and archaeological sites.
机译：氢气（Δdwax）和碳（δ〜（13）Cwax）长链烷烃的同位素组合物，其源自植物蜡记录水文和环境条件。然而，将植物N-烷烃的整合到沉积循环中，Δdwax和δ〜（13）Cwax在土壤中的可变性以及古溶解和考古沉积物的古古典适用性受到严重。我们在以色列中陡峭的气候横断面采样植物和土壤，了解植物类型和环境参数的形状δ〜（13）Cwax和Δdwax。这种横断面有三个优点：长期降水同位素组成（ΔDr）记录的存在，单一湿季可能会降低由于季节性而导致的可变性，并遗弃拜占庭时期（〜300-600个广告）农业梯田，减少现代和古代土壤混合并提供年龄约束。我们发现土壤δ〜（13）CWAX常数（0.4‰，1σ），横跨500至1,300毫米/年的降雨梯度，与散装植物δ〜（13）C不同，对降雨量不敏感。没有降雨效应表明δ〜（13）Cwax可以更适合于重构C_3 / C_4植物比而不是体积δ〜（13）c。同源平均土壤Δdwax与Δdr显着相关，Δdr和土壤Δdwax（εapp）之间的偏移与生长季节相对湿度相关。叶片生产的季节性占总植物ΔDwax变异性的约10％。最后，相对于植物Δdwax和δ〜（13）Cwax可变性，土壤Δdwax和δ〜（13）Cwax变异性降低〜80％。我们的结果表明，土壤Δdwax和δ〜（13）Cwax忠实地记录Δdr和景观C3-C4植物贡献，从而支持这些代理数据在古溶胶和考古地点的效用。

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