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Senataxin: Genome Guardian at the Interface of Transcription and Neurodegeneration

机译:Senataxin:在转录和神经变性界面的基因组卫报

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Abstract R-loops comprise an RNA/DNA hybrid and a displaced single-stranded DNA. They play crucial biological functions and are implicated in neurological diseases, including ataxias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, nucleotide expansion disorders (Friedreich ataxia and fragile X syndrome), and cancer. Currently, it is unclear which mechanisms cause R-loop structures to become pathogenic. The RNA/DNA helicase senataxin (SETX) is one of the best characterised R-loop-binding factors in vivo. Mutations in SETX are linked to two neurodegenerative disorders: ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 4 (ALS4). SETX is known to play a role in transcription, neurogenesis, and antiviral response. Here, we review the causes of R-loop dysregulation in neurodegenerative diseases and how these structures contribute to pathomechanisms. We will discuss the importance of SETX as a genome guardian in suppressing aberrant R-loop formation and analyse how SETX mutations can lead to neurodegeneration in AOA2/ALS4. Finally, we will discuss the implications for other R-loop-associated neurodegenerative diseases and point to future therapeutic approaches to treat these disorders. Graphical Abstract Display Omitted Highlights ? SETX is an RNA/DNA helicase involved in R-loop resolution in vivo . ? SETX plays a role in transcription, genome stability, neurogenesis, and antiviral response. ? Loss of SETX leads to DNA damage sensitivity, R-loop accumulation, and defects in gene expression. ? SETX mutations cause neurodegenerative disorders AOA2 and ALS4.
机译:摘要R-LOOPS包含RNA / DNA杂交和偏移的单链DNA。它们发挥关键的生物学功能,并涉及神经疾病,包括Ataxias,肌萎缩侧面硬化,核苷酸膨胀障碍(Friedreich Ataxia和易碎X综合征)和癌症。目前,目前尚不清楚哪种机制导致R环结构成为致病性。 RNA / DNA Helicase Senataxin(SetX)是体内最佳特征的R环结合因子之一。 SetX中的突变与两个神经变性障碍联系起来:具有血管运动型型2(AOA2)和肌萎缩侧硬化型4(ALS4)的血管腺炎患者的共济失调。已知SetX在转录,神经发生和抗病毒反应中发挥作用。在这里,我们审查了神经变性疾病中R环失呼措施的原因以及这些结构如何为土地机构有贡献。我们将讨论SetX作为基因组监护人在抑制异常R环形成时的重要性,并分析SetX突变如何导致AOA2 / Als4中的神经变性。最后,我们将讨论对其他R环相关的神经变性疾病的影响,并指向未来治疗这些疾病的治疗方法。图形抽象显示省略了亮点? SetX是参与体内R环分辨率的RNA / DNA螺旋酶。还是SetX在转录,基因组稳定性,神经发生和抗病毒反应中起作用。还是SetX的丧失导致DNA损伤敏感性,R环积累和基因表达中的缺陷。还是SetX突变导致神经变性障碍AOA2和ALS4。

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