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首页> 外文期刊>Journal of Neurophysiology >Early stages of sensorimotor map acquisition: learning with free exploration, without active movement or global structure
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Early stages of sensorimotor map acquisition: learning with free exploration, without active movement or global structure

机译：Sensorimotor的早期阶段地图采集：使用自由探索学习，没有主动运动或全球结构

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One of the puzzles of learning to talk or play a musical instrument is how we learn which movement produces a particular sound: an audiomotor map. The initial stages of map acquisition can be studied by having participants learn arm movements to auditory targets. The key question is what mechanism drives this early learning. Three learning processes from previous literature were tested: map learning may rely on active motor outflow (target), on error correction, and on the correspondence between sensory and motor distances (i.e., that similar movements map to similar sounds). Alternatively, we hypothesized that map learning can proceed without these. Participants made movements that were mapped to sounds in a number of different conditions that each precluded one of the potential learning processes. We tested whether map learning relies on assumptions about topological continuity by exposing participants to a permuted map that did not preserve distances in auditory and motor space. Further groups were tested who passively experienced the targets, kinematic trajectories produced by a robot arm, and auditory feedback as a yoked active participant (hence without active motor outflow). Another group made movements without receiving targets (thus without experiencing errors). In each case we observed substantial learning, therefore none of the three hypothesized processes is required for learning. Instead early map acquisition can occur with free exploration without target error correction, is based on sensory-to-sensory correspondences, and possible even for discontinuous maps. The findings are consistent with the idea that early sensorimotor map formation can involve instance-specific learning.
机译：学习谈话或发挥乐器的谜题之一是我们如何了解哪种运动产生特定的声音：Audiomotor地图。可以通过让参与者学习手臂移动到听觉目标来研究地图采集的初始阶段。关键问题是哪种机制驱动了这次早期学习。测试了先前文献的三个学习过程：地图学习可以依赖于有源电动机流出（目标），纠错以及感觉和电动机距离之间的对应关系（即，类似运动地图到类似的声音）。或者，我们假设地图学习可以在没有这些的情况下继续进行。参与者在许多不同条件下映射到声音的动作，每个潜在的学习过程都排除了一个不同的条件。我们测试了地图学习是否通过将参与者暴露于允许的地图来依赖于拓扑连续性的假设，该地图不保留听觉空间和电机空间的距离。测试了通过机器人臂产生的目标，由机器人臂产生的运动轨迹的进一步组，以及作为轭主动参与者的听觉反馈（因此没有主动电机流出）。另一个小组在没有接收目标的情况下进行了动作（因此而不遇到错误）。在每种情况下，我们观察到大量学习，因此学习需要三个假设的过程。相反，早期地图采集可以在没有目标错误校正的情况下使用自由探索来发生，而是基于感官到感觉的对应关系，即使对于不连续的地图也可能。这些发现与早期感觉传感器映射形成可能涉及特定于实例的学习的想法一致。

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