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Metabolic constraints on synaptic learning and memory

机译：突触学习和记忆的代谢约束

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Dendritic spines, the carriers of long-term memory, occupy a small fraction of cortical space, and yet they are the major consumers of brain metabolic energy. What fraction of this energy goes for synaptic plasticity, correlated with learning and memory? It is estimated here based on neurophysiological and proteomic data for rat brain that, depending on the level of protein phosphorylation, the energy cost of synaptic plasticity constitutes a small fraction of the energy used for fast excitatory synaptic transmission, typically 4.0-11.2%. Next, this study analyzes a metabolic cost of new learning and its memory trace in relation to the cost of prior memories, using a class of cascade models of synaptic plasticity. It is argued that these models must contain bidirectional cyclic motifs, related to protein phosphorylation, to be compatible with basic thermodynamic principles. For most investigated parameters longer memories generally require proportionally more energy to store. The exceptions are the parameters controlling the speed of molecular transitions (e.g., ATP-driven phosphorylation rate), for which memory lifetime per invested energy can increase progressively for longer memories. Furthermore, in general, a memory trace decouples dynamically from a corresponding synaptic metabolic rate such that the energy expended on new learning and its memory trace constitutes in most cases only a small fraction of the baseline energy associated with prior memories. Taken together, these empirical and theoretical results suggest a metabolic efficiency of synaptically stored information.
机译：树枝状刺，长期记忆的载体，占据了一小部分皮质空间，但它们是脑代谢能量的主要消费者。这种能量的一小部分用于突触可塑性，与学习和记忆相关？据估计，基于大鼠大脑的神经生理学和蛋白质组学数据，根据蛋白质磷酸化水平，突触塑性的能量成本构成了用于快速兴奋性突触传递的能量的一小部分，通常为4.0-11.2％。接下来，本研究通过一类突触塑性模型分析了新学习的代谢成本及其内存轨迹的成本。认为，这些模型必须含有与蛋白质磷酸化相关的双向循环基序，与基本的热力学原理相容。对于大多数调查的参数，更长的记忆通常需要比例地储存更多的能量。例外是控制分子转变速度（例如，ATP驱动的磷酸化率）的参数，其每投资能量的内存寿命可以逐步增加，以便更长的存储器增加。此外，通常，存储器迹线动态地从相应的突触代谢速率传输，使得在大多数情况下，在大多数情况下，在新学习的能量和其存储器迹线构成的能量仅是与先前存储器相关联的基线能量的一小部分。在一起，这些实证和理论结果表明突触存储信息的代谢效率。

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